X.5 – PPEA

X.5.4RK.5.4 X.5.8RK.5.8 X.5.12RK.5.12 X.5.16RK.5.16 X.5.20RK.5.20 X.5.24RK.5.24 X.5.28RK.5.28 X.5.32RK.5.32 X.5.36RK.5.35 X.5.40RK.5.39 X.5.44RK.5.43 X.5.48RK.5.46 X.5.52RK.5.50 X.5.56RK.5.54 X.5.60RK.5.58 X.5.64RK.5.60α X.5.68RK.5.67 X.5.72RK.5.63 X.5.76RK.5.72 X.5.80RK.5.76 X.5.84RK.5.80 X.5.88RK.5.84 X.5.92RK.5.88 X.5.96RK.5.92 X.5.100RK.5.96 X.5.104RK.5.98β X.5.108RK.5.102 X.5.112RK.5.106 X.5.116RK.5.110 X.5.120RK.5.114a-RK.5.114b(part) X.5.124RK.5.118 X.5.128RK.5.122 X.5.132RK.5.126 X.5.136RK.5.130 X.5.140RK.5.134 X.5.144RK.5.138 X.5.148RK.5.141 X.5.152RK.5.145 X.5.156RK.5.149 X.5.160RK.5.153 X.5.164RK.5.157 X.5.168RK.5.161 X.5.172RK.5.165 X.5.176RK.5.169 X.5.180RK.5.172α X.5.184RK.5.176 X.5.188RK.5.179 X.5.192RK.5.183 X.5.196RK.5.187 X.5.200RK.5.191 X.5.204RK.5.195 X.5.208RK.5.199

fol. 20v (cont.)

Passus quintus de visione vbi prius

hus y awakede woet god / whan y wonede in Cornehull

{L}Kytte T and y in a cote / y-clothed as a lollare

And lytel y let by / leueth me for sothe

Amonges lollares of londone / and lewede Ermytes

For y made of tho men / as resoun me tauhte

For as y cam by Consience / with resoun y mette

In an hot heruest / whenne y hadde myn hele

And lymes to labory with / and louede wel fare

And no dede to do / but to drynke and to slepe

In hele and in inwitt / oen me apposede

Romynge in remembraunce / thus resoun me aratede

Can thow seruen he sayde / or syngen in a churche

Or koke for my cokeres / or to þe Cart piche

Mowen or mywen / or make bond to sheues

Repe or been a rypereue / and aryse erly

Or haue an horn and be hayward / and lygge þer-oute nyhtes

And kepe my corn in my croft / fro pykares and theues

Or shap shon or cloth / or shep and kyne kepe

Heggen or harwen / or swyn or gees dryue

Or eny other kynes craft / þat to þe comune nedeth

Th{ey}at {y}þou beter{d}e the by / þat byleue  C & þe the fayrer the fynden T

Sertes y sayde / and so me god helpe

Y am to wayke to wurcche / with sykel or with sythe

And to long lef me / lowe to stoupe

To wurche as a werkeman / eny while to duyren

Thenne hastow londes to lyue by / quod resoun or lynage ryche

That fynde the thy fode / for an ydel man þow semest

A spendour þat spene mot / or a spille-tyme

Or beggest thy by-lyue / aboute at men hacches

Or faytest vppon frydayes / or feste-day in churches

The whiche is lollarne lyf / þat lytel is preysed

fol. 21r

There ryhtfulnesse rewardeth ryht as men deserueth

¶ Reddet vnicuique iuxta opera sua

Or thow art broke so may be / in body or in membre

Or y-maymed thorw som myshap / where-by thow myhte be excused

When y ȝong ȝong T was / many ȝer hennes

My fader and my frendes / foende me to scole

Tyl y wyste witterly / what holy writ menede

And what is beste for the body / as the boek telleth

And sykerost for þe soule / by so y wol contenue

And foend{e} y nere in fayth / seth my frendes deyede

Lyf þat me {k}lykede / but in this longe clothes

And yf y be labour sholde lyuen / and lyflode deseruen

That laboure þat y lerned beste / þerwith lyuen y sholde

¶ In eadem vocacione / quia vocati estis sanctus T

And so y leue in london / and ope-lond bothe

The lomes þat y labore with / and lyflode deserue

Is pater noster and my primer / placebo and dirige

And my sauter som-tyme / and my seuene phalmes / p[s]almes

This y segge for here soules / of suche as me helpeth

And tho þat C fynden me my fode / fouchen-saf y trowe

To be welcome when y come / oþerwhile in amonthe / a monthe

Now with hym now with here / on this wyse y begge

With-oute bagge or botel / but my wombe one

And also more-ouer / me thynketh syre resoun

Me sholde constrayne no Cler{e}c T / to no knaues werkes

For by þe lawe of leuyticy þat oure lord ordeynede

Clerkes y-crouned of kynde vnderstondynge

Sholde nother swynke ne swete / ne swerien at enquestes

Ne fyhte in no faume-warde / ne his foe greue

¶ Non reddas malum pro malo

For hit ben eyres of heuene / {þ}alle þat be ycrouned

And in quoer and in kyrkes / Cristes mynistres

¶ Dominus pars hereditatis mee & cetera Et alibi clemencia non constringit

Hit bycometh for clerkes / Crist for to serue

And knaue vncrounede / to carte and to worche

For sholde no clerke be crouned / but yf he come were

fol. 21v

Of frankeleynes and fremen / and of folke y-wedded

Bonde-men and bastardus / and beggares children

Thyse bylongeth to labory / and lordes kyn to serue

God and good men as here degre asketh

Somme to synge masses / or sitten and wryten

Redon and resceyuen / þat resoun ouhte to spene

¶ Ac sythe bonde-men barnes / haen be mad bisshopes

And barnes bastardus / haen be Erchedekenes

And soutares and here sones / for suluer han be knyhtes

And lordes sones here laboreres / and leyde here rentes to wedde

For the ryhte of this reume / ryden aȝeyn oure enemyes

In confort of the comune / and the kynges worschipe

And monkes and moniales / þat mendenant sholde fynde

I·-made C here kyn knyhtes / and knyhtes fees y-purchased

Popes and patrones / pore gentel blood refused

And taken Symondes sones / seyntwarie to kepe

Lyf holynesse and loue / hath be longe hennes

And wol til hit be wered out / oþer-wyse ychaunged

For-thy rebuke me ryhte nauhte / resoun y ȝow praye

For in my Consience y knowe / what Crist welde / w[o]lde y-wrouhte

Pre{r}eyeres of aparfit / a parfit man / and penaunce desirede

Is the leuest labour / þat oure lord pleseth

¶ C Non de solo y sayde / for sothe viuit homo

Nec in pane / & in pabulo / the pater noster wittenesseth C

Fiat voluntas dei / þat fynt vs alle thynges

Quod Consience by Crist y can nat se this lyeth

Ac it semeth no sad parfitnesse · in Citees to bygge T

But he be obediencer / to C prior or to mynistre

That is soth y saide / and so y beknowe

That y haue y-tynt tyme / and tyme myspened

Ac ȝut y hope as he / þat ofte hath y-chaffared

And ay loste an loste / and at þe laste hym happed

Aboute T such abargayn / a bargayn / he was þe bet euere

And sette al his los at aleef / a leef / at the laste ende

Suche a wynnyng hym warth / thorw wordes of grace

Simile est regnum celorum thesauro abscondito in agro

fol. 22r

Mulier qui / qu[e] inuenit dragmam

So hope y to haue of hym þat is almyghty

A gobet of his grace / and bigynne atyme / a tyme

That alle tymes of my tyme / to profit shal turne

Y rede the quod resoun tho / rape the to bigynne

The l{ei}yif T þat is louable and leele to thy soule

Ȝe and contynue quod Consience / and to þe kyrke y wente

And to þe kyrke y gan go / god to honoure

Byfore þe crosse / C on my knees knokked y my brest

Shyȝing T for my synnes / seggyng my pater noster

Wepyng and waylyng til y was a-slepe

And thenne mette me muche more / then y byfore tolde

Of þe matere þat me mette furste / on Maluerne hulles

Y saw þe felde ful of folk / fram ende til oþer

And resoun y-reuestede / ryht as apope / a pope

And Consience his crocer / byfore þe kyng stande

Resoun reuerentliche / to-fore al þe reume

Prechede and preuede / þat this pestelences was for puyre synne

And the south-weste wynde / on a saturday at euene

Was partliche for pruyde / and for no poynt elles

Peretrees and plumtrees / were possed to þe erthe

In ensaunple segges þat we sholde do þe bettere

Beches and brode okes / were blowe to þe grounde

And turned vpward here tayl / in tokenynge of drede

That dedly synne ar domes-day shal fordon hem alle

Of this mater y myhte mamele longe

Ac y shal sey as y sayh / slepyhnge as hit were

How resoun radde al the reume to heuene

He bad wastoures to wurche / and wynne here sustinaunce

Thorw som trewe trauail / and no tyme spille

He p{re}raeyde T p{ri}irnel T / here purfyel to leue

And kepe hit in here cofre / for catel at here nede

Tomme stoue he tauhte / to take to staues

And fette felyce hoem · fram wyuene pyne

He warnede watte / his wyf was to blame

For here hed was worth half marc / and his hoed nat a grote

fol. 22v

He bad butte to kutte / a bo{u}whe T or twene

And bete Betene þerwith / but yf a LX wolde worche

He chargede Chapmen / to chasten here children

Late no wynnynge for-wanyen hem / the while thei ben ȝonge

For ho-so spareth the spryg / spilleth here children

And so wrot the wyse to wyssen vs alle

¶ Qui parcit virge odit filium

And sethe he apreide / a preide LX T prelates / and prestes to-gyderes

That ȝe prechen to þe peple / priue hit ȝow-sylue

Lyue ȝe as ȝe lereth vs / we shall leue ȝow þe bettere

And sethe he radde religioun / here reule to holde

Laste þe kyng and his consayl / ȝoure comunes apayre

And be stewardus of ȝoure stedes / til ȝe be stewed bettere

¶ Gregory þe grete Clerk / gart wryte in bokes

The reule of alle religious / rihtful and obedient

Ryht as fysches in þe floed / whan hem fayleth water

Dyen for drouthe / whenne they drye lygge

Ryht so religioun roteth and sterueth

That out of couent and of Cloystre / coueyteth to dwelle

For yf heuene be on this erthe / or eny ese to þe soule

Hit is in C{.}loystre or in scole / by many skilles y fynde

For in C{.}loystre cometh no man / to chyde ne to fyhte

In scole is loue and louhnesse / and lykyng to lerne

Ac mony day men telleth · bothe monkes and chanons

Haen ryde out of aray · here reule euele yholde

Ledares of lawedays / and londes y-purchaced

And pryked aboute on palfrayes / fram places and to maneres

And / A[n] hep of houndes at here ers / as he alord / a lord were

And but if his knaue knele · þat shal his coppe holde

He loketh al lourynge / and lordeyne hym calleth

Lytel hadde lordes ado / to ȝeue lond fro heyres

To religious þat haen no reuthe / thow it ryne on here auters

In many places ther thei parsones ben / be hem-sulue at ese

Of þe pore haueth thei no pite / and þat is here puyre chartre

Ac ȝe leten ȝow alle as lordes / ȝoure lond lyth so b{l}rode

Ac þer shal come akyng / a kyng / and confesse ȝow alle

fol. 23r

And bete ȝow as þe bible telleth / for brekynge of ȝoure reule

And amende ȝow monkes / bothe moniales and chanons

And potte ȝow to ȝoure penaunce / ad pristinum statum ire

And Barones and here barnes / blame ȝow and repreue

¶ Hij in curribus & in equis / ipsi obligati sunt & ceciderunt

Freres in here fraytour / shal fynde þat tyme

Bred with-outen beggynge / to lyue by euere aftur

And constantyn shal be here cook / and couerour of here churches

For þe abbot of engelonde / and the abbesse his nese

Shal haue a knok vppon here crounes / and incurable þe wounde

¶ Contriuit dominus baculum impiorum virga / virga[m] dnancium / d[omi]nancium plaga insanabili

Ac ar þat kyng come / as cronicles me tolde

Clerkes and holychurche / holy churche / shal be clothed newe

And sethe a confailede / con[s]ailede þe kyng / his comine to louie

For þe comune is the kynges tresor / Consience woet wel

And also quod resoun / y rede ȝow ryche

And comuners acorde / in alle kyn treuthe

Lat no kyne consayl / ne couetyse ȝow parte

That o wit and o wil / al ȝoure wardes kepe

Lo in heuene an heyh / was an holy comune

Til lucifer þe lyare / leued þat hym-sulue

Were wittiore and worthiore / then he þat was his maister

Holde ȝow in vnite / and he þat oþer wolde

Is cause of alle combraunces / to confounde a reume

And sethe apreyede / a preyede þe pope haue pite on holy chirche

And no grace ne graunte / til good loue were

Amonges alle kyne kynges / ouer cristene peple

Comaunde þat alle confessours / þat eny kyng shryueth

Enioyne hem pees for here penaunce / and parpetuel forȝenesse / forȝe[ue]nesse

Of alle maner actions / and eche man loue other

And ȝe þat seketh seynt Iames / and seyntes of Rome

Seketh seynt treuthe / in sauaciouns of ȝoure soules

Qui cum patre & filio / þat fayre hem byfalle

That sueth my sarmon Thus endede resoun & cetera

◂

// Hyer concience
& raysoun a-ratyd
// wille for his lol-
lynge C

passus

notate Religiosi

prophecia · petri

[crown] C

▸

visione

// Hyer wille answered
to rayson

5us

visione

// Hyer wente wille
to churche & ful a-
ȝen a-sclepe

// Hyer raysoun
prechede

· 5us ·

visione

X.5.2: Hand X's correction aligns the text with the universal reading of the C manuscripts.↩

X.5.7.m.1: The marginal gloss contains two sets of virgules, but constitutes only one continuous comment.↩

X.5.21: We see here again, as we did above at X.2.38, that Hand 2, in the course of a larger repair, has added a punctus elevatus at a caesura newly made by his addition. Hand 1's own virgule is visible as well, between by and that. For a fuller account of the textual situation, see the note at the end of this line.↩

X.5.21: Line 21 is quite a famous mess, as reflected in the range of editorial responses and renderings. (See C.5.21 in all editions.) The line illustrates paradigmatically the complexities of correction in this manuscript. In the a-verse, X originally read They y-betered, which Hand 2 converted to read That þu betere, also re-stroking the final <e> which must have been partially erased when he deleted <d>. The same hand has inserted the phrase and þe the fayrer in the b-verse after byleve, obtaining for the whole line something like "so that you would better yourself by means of that livelihood and find yourself to be (not only better) but fairer also." Pearsall, in his 1978 edition, adopts Hand 2's a-verse revision but not the b-verse insertion, while also adding an <r> to turn the be into therby, thus obtaining: That þou betere therby þat byleue the fynden, which Pearsall translates "By which you may improve the lot of those who provided you with food." In 2008, employing an entirely different version of the a-verse that RK also adopted (that is, the C-text majority reading), Pearsall revised completely to Hem that bedreden be byleue to fynden, which must simply mean "find food for those that are bedridden." Schmidt's reading, however, is economical while staying close to X's unrevised reading—though he, like Pearsall, takes the by as error for therby: They [ybetered be] therby, þat byleue the fynden. Though he employs brackets as if emending, he is really partially restoring X as it read before Hand 2 attempted to fix the text. Schmidt (2011) does add the word be which he presumed lost in X by eye skip; see his discussion (p. 339), where he offers this translation of his version: "(So that) those who provide you with your living have some advantage from what you do."↩

X.5.36: The fact that a word is repeated and not deleted in three manuscripts indicates that it might have been in a common exemplar of XIYc.↩

X.5.45: X's unique sanctus makes no sense gramatically as a masculine singular. It may have been motivated by an exemplar argeeing with DcUc sitis, which itself may have been a variation on estis from Ephesians 4:1, where Paul echoes his injunction at 1 Corinthians 7:20. Alternately, sanctus may be a marginal gloss that made its way into this line.↩

X.5.51: We believe that the scribe has restroked only the ascender of a faint <t> after re-inking his pen.↩

X.5.56: In this instance, our markup expresses that an <e> has been converted to a <c>, which is how we interpret Hand2's addition of a line across the <e>. The correction here is not the most skillful or elegant, but it is an attempt to express <c> and thus obtain a form of the majority reading clerk.↩

X.5.81: The markup here is inadequate. As in several other instances, the scribe has put a raised point after : I ·, the first instance being at X.P.56. In this case, however, the is not the pronoun but rather the marker for the participle. Another instance of the use of a raised point with a participal occurs at X.7.251. In order to record the participle as a single word while also recording the raised point, we have had to forego the usual isolation of medieval punctuation with white space.↩

X.5.90: The blue paraph here extends down the margin to the left of the entire Latin quotation, serving as both paraph and highlighting bracket.↩

X.5.91: The red underline under the virgule and first two words of the b-verse has been partially erased, but is still visible. These English words—we take paternoster to be part of an English phrase in this setting—must have been accidentally underlined when the rubricator was marking all of the Latin half-lines in this sequence. It may be that the rubricator himself quickly saw the error and made the correction.↩

X.5.94: It is not clear whether XUcYc's bygge, as intended, has the sense of the majority begge, of which bygge can be a form, or if it means "to dwell" or (less likely) "to buy." See MED, s.vv. beggen, biggen, and bien.↩

X.5.95: The stroke over the word to is perhaps a remnant from an earlier erasure or just a stray mark.↩

X.5.100: The word aboute is written as one word, appearing to be the preposition, but the majority reading is the 3rd sg. masc. pron. + verb (MED, s.v. bien, v. 1(a), "[t]o purchase (sth.) acquire by purchase . . ." Since a frequently represents the 3 sg. masc. pron. "he" in this manuscript, it is possible that the scribe has run these separate words—a boute—together, or that they were already run together in his exemplar.↩

X.5.109: HS and RK both assert that <ee> of leef was erased and replaced with <yi>; we wonder (cautiously) if, rather, an <ei> was erased and replaced with <yi>, obtaining a reading that X shares with manuscript J: lyif. Schmidt prints XI's lyif, which he takes as a form of lyf, the spelling that both RK and Pearsall adopt. If we are correct about the letters deleted, then the scribe erased two letters in sequence, even though the alone would have served. The dot over the remains, still visible despite the erasure. The corrector then rewrote both letters, converting <ei> to <yi>. MED records leif as a form of lif, so the reasons for the change remain unclear, unless Hand 2 was using an exemplar with the I reading, lyif.↩

X.5.112: The virgule falls here at the middle of the a-verse rather than at the caesura.↩

X.5.113: It is not at all clear what Hand 1 intended with shying, but it may be an error for a form of MED sighen, v.; Hand 2 also appears to be trying to obtain a form of that word with his correction to shyȝing. Sighen is a synonym for the majority C-text reading (MED, s.v. siken, v. 2), for both words mean "[t]o sigh, moan."↩

X.5.134: We agree with RK that "ra [appear] over re in another ink." Hand 2 attempted, it appears, to replace one suspension with another to achieve prayde, but neglected to erase the next <e> and so instead created the unique praeyde.↩

X.5.134: HS see that "r [is] added to superior i." RK note similarly that "prinele [is] altered to pirnele [in] another ink." In adding an <r> to convert Hand 1's superscript (<ri>), Hand 2 produces <ir>. Hand 2 here thus corrects to a form of the majority reading; see MED, s.v. Pernel(e), n., from sense (b), "[a] woman's name." We acknowledge as well that the markup here, in trying to express this conversion, is inadequate to show fully how the scribe, by adding an <r>, actually "deletes" only part of a suspension.↩

X.5.140: Hand 2 appears to have erased a form of the majority reading bouhe and replaced it with bowhe. See MED, s.v. bough, n., for several instances of the spelling bowh in the attestations.↩

X.5.141: A, "she."↩

X.5.147: A, "he."↩

X.5.147: The scribe sometimes writes the pronoun a ("he") directly adjacent to the verb for which it is the subject. For instance, see X.4.53, awayteth. The text should read a preide, and Hand 2's addition of he reflects his failure here to recognize a as "he," thus creating this unique and erroneous reading he a.↩

X.5.173-X.5.175: As visible in the digital image, in the margin to the left of the last lines of this folio is a drawing of a crown by an unknown hand.↩