The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive, Vol. 10: Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson Poetry 137 (Ra)

The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive, Vol. 10: Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson Poetry 137 (Ra) SEENET Series A.13 Edited by Míċeál F. Vaughan Technical Editors: Patricia Bart and Paul A. Broyles Computer Consultants and Programmers Patricia Bart, Terrence A. Brooks, Rob Weller

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2021 Published by the Society for Early English and Norse Electronic Texts (SEENET) Raleigh, North Carolina ISBN: 978-1-941331-16-3 Images for MS Rawlinson Poetry 137 reproduced by permission of Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford. All rights reserved.

SEENET A.13

Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson Poetry 137

Source copy consulted: Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson Poetry 137

Latin French German 4 July 2019 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Converted list of changes stored as comments into structured change tagging; moved XML comment about suppression of <figure> elements to end of header; corrected typo in publication date. 4 July 2019 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Updated contributor credits, publication information, ISBN in front matter in preparation for release. 10 May 2019 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Correction from MFV 2019/05/07 12 February 2019 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Correction from MFV 2018/08/19 19 March 2018 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Incorporated changes from MFV 14 August 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Further corrections from MFV including guide letters and one-line ornamented caps 26-28 June 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Further revisions from MFV; converted some description to markup of <unclear> and <damage>; commented out figure elements. 7 June 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Further revisions from MFV; converted notes to guideLetter markup. 26 May 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles More revisions from MFV--removed most <space> elements; corrections to line numbers in notes. 28 April 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Finished replacing ampersands with tironian ets and surrounded with orig/reg tags. 13 March 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Further revisions from MFV entered. 27 February 2017 Technical Editor Paul A. Broyles Received file from MFV 2017/02/25. Applied stylesheets to update to new line numbering and write element IDs. Made incidental corrections uncovered by stylesheets. Verified that previously posted versions had no good readings lacking in the current file. July/August 2010; May/June 2011 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan corrections/revisions 4-6 January 2010 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan added note refs 7-23 December 2009 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan adding images 29 September 2009 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan Preliminary Draft completed, for submission to HND 22 June 2009 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan Updated sigils; added page #s 16 June 2009 Editor Hoyt N. Duggan Parsed and tagging corrected 24 December 2008; 18-31 January 2009; 1-8, 16-19 February 2009; 25, 29-30 August 2009; 4-5 December 2009 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan further revisions of notes 7, 9, 11 14-16 July 2008 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan polishing 11 July 2008 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan 'Textual' and 'Codicological' tags added to notes 3 October 2007 Editor Hoyt N. Duggan Convert SGML files to XML 18, 22, 23 August 2007 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan corrections/revisions 13 March 2006; 21 May 2006; 16 July 2006; 18-31 August 2006 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan Checked and revised 21-24 May 2006 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan checked against manuscript 26 December 2005 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan corrections/revisions 20-23 July 2004 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan checked against manuscript 15-22 September 2003 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan Checked 15-17 August 2003 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan Line numbers added and Kane reference # Passus 4-12) 29 July 2003; 17 August 2003 Editor Míċeál F. Vaughan Revised 18 July 2003 Editor Hoyt N. Duggan New header created and structure reorganized. 18 July 2003 Editor Hoyt N. Duggan Line numbers added and Kane reference # (Prol-Passus 3) 7-?15 December 1999 Transcriber Gail Y. Duggan Transcribed 1. Hic incipit liber qui uocatur pers plowman prologusThis is the only manuscript (in all the surviving manuscripts of Piers) in which the first section is titled prologus. . IN a somyr sesoun . whenne whanne when whon as I south wente softe was the sonne I schop me a into a in in a to vndur þe schroude shroud schroudes schregges schropbys schrubbes shrowedes . as I a schepRa.P.2: The final has been overwritten with what looks like the dark ink used to supply the folio numbers. were  In abyte as an ermyte . von[v]n-holy of werkys Y wente wyde in this wordle world worlde . wondrys to hure here wayte heare . But vp-on on in apon a may morwe . on maluerne hyllys hilles hulles hullis hellys Me by-fel a ferly . of fayrye me thouȝthe  I was wery for-wandred . I & [nothing] wente me to reste Vnder a brod banke . by a burne syde . But And [nothing] as I lay and lenede . and loked on the waterysRa.P.9: manuscript w..erys: the letters <at> are practically worn away. I slombryd in into on [nothing] aslepynga slepyng . I it and sweuenede swiȝede sweuenyd schewed swede swyed sownede sweuedyn sweued swyyd semede so merye  Þer Þanne And þenne þenne þen Than forthwith And þan ('And' cancelled) gan I to mete . anerwelousa [m]erwelous swoeueneRa.P.11:The manuscript spelling, with swo for swe, is not elsewhere attested. There may be some confusion with "swoon"--or simply (as with chost below--10.193) a mistake in the vowel. that I was in a wildernysse . I wyste wiste I wuste I neuere where . But Ac And [nothing] Ra.P.13: But begins with a bigger capital than in lines 5, 9 above. as I behelde in-to þe este . vp an heiȝ on hey an hie on hye an hiȝe on heght on hygh an hey to the sunne I saw saiȝ say sauh sawe sagh seyth a tour in on a coste toft cost (?coft/?toft) twist Ra.P.14: This is Kane's reading of Ra. It is not an alliterating toft (as in Knott-Fowler; Schmidt): there is no obvious ascender to make the <c> into <t> or the bar to make the <s> into <f>. . tryly ontyrid Imakid atirid Imaked Imakett maked makyd ytymbred entyred  A dep dale by-nethe . a doungon þer-ynne With depe dykys and derke . dredful & dredful þat dredeful was of syȝth . A fayr felde ful of folke . fonde I bytwene Of alle maner of men . the mene and þe richeRa.P.18: The has been overwritten in darker, later ink.  Worchynge and wandrynge . as þis wordle world werlde askys askiþ wilnyth Somme putte hem to plow . and [nothing] pleyde ful selde . In seed tyme settyng Eringe sowing of sowyng . swonkynRa.P.21: swonkyn is faded, but it looks more like <o> than <e>. The <d> of harde at the end of the line is touched up in darker ink. ful harde Þat Whom þat and wonnen þat whanne þat that many þat monie of þat many of þan þer y sygh Wan that wonnyn þat þes wastorys now [nothing] in þe worlde (cancelled in Wa) . wytRa.P.22: The downstroke of <t> looks like later addition, or overwriting, in darker ink. The original cross-stroke appears to be the only original stroke remaining; the remainder of line worn and faded. This is the only instance in the manuscript where the preposition wyth is spelled without its final <h>. The omission of final <h> after <t> also occurs in a number of verb forms: askyt, byddyt (see Front Matter sections IV.2.5.1.8 and IV.2.5.1.9). glotonye destroyen  Some And summe putte hem to pride . and paralyde hem þer-afterRa.P.23: The second half of this line is much worn, faded; the <a> of and and <af> of after have been overwritten in darker ink. In countenance of cloþing . þey [nothing] comynRa.P.24: manuscript: ...yn (comyn reported in Kane) is much worn and faded. dysgysedRa.P.24: Many letters in dysgysed look touched up in later ink. . To In prayere and to [nothing] penaunce . putte hem manyRa.P.25: There is a (worm)hole in <a>; <ny> is touched up in darker ink. For Al for and for þe [nothing] loue of oure lord . lyuede ful wel [nothing] strayte streite strayght harde Ra.P.26: The ra and <e> have been touched up with darker ink.  In hope for to to haue . heuene-rycheRa.P.27: The <h> and final <e> of heuene and <y> in ryche have been touched up with darker ink. blysse As ankerys and hermytes . þat lyuen holden hem leven dwelle in her cellys . And [nothing] coueytyn nouȝth in þe in to countre . to caryen a-bouteRa.P.29: boute is much faded/worn. for none no [nothing] lykerousRa.P.30: The <k> is broken; and the er is very faint. lyflode . here lykamys to plese  Some And somme chosen hem to chaffare . þeyRa.P.31: A number of letters in this line have been touched up in darker ink. cheuyd þe betere as hit ys sene in semiþ to semeth in semyth be oure syȝth . þat suche men þryuen. And summe men somme myrthes to make . as menstralys cunne gete And gete þat gold with her gle . synne-les giltles synfullyche gylelas gylefully gylously senles I trowe  ac iaperis and iangeleres . iudacys chyldryn gon fyndyn Fonden þa feynen meny hem þaim hem in hem to hem on fantasyes . and foles hem makyn . And han wit at her wille . to worche what hem lykys þat þat Þat What poule precheþ of hem . I dar not prouyn here  Qui loquitur turpiloquium . ys lucyferes hyne beggeres and bydderes Bidderis & beggeris Than bidders & beggers . faste a-boute ȝede . Til her belyes and her bagges . ware bred-ful bratful bretfulle bretful faste full with bred full fully crammed ycrammid Icrammed ycrommed Icrommedt be cromed filled cramed crommed þei flyteþ Flite þanne Flytteden & Faytours Feyneden hem Fayteden Fayted And flytyd fast They faited for her fode . and [nothing] fyȝthen at þe ale  in glotenye god wot . go þei to bedde and rysen vp with rybaudye . as robertes knauys . Sclep Slep Sleep Slouth Sory slep Also sclepe Slogardie and slowthe . sewyth hem euere pylgrymys and palmeres . plytyth hem to-gedere  to For to seke seynt Iame . and seyntes in at of rome and [nothing] They wente forþ in her way . with manye wyse talys . And hadde leue to lye . al her lyf after hernytesher[m]ytes on an hepe . with hokede stauys  wente to walsyngham . and her wenches after grete lobyes and longe . loth for þat loþ were to swynke . Cloþed hem in copys . to be knowe fro oþere schopyn hem ermytes . here ese to haue  on fele halue . fonden hem to doneRa.P.55: This and the following line are not in Knott-Fowler, Kane, or Schmidt. See Kane, n. to Pro.54 on additional lines in H2, E and Ra: the lines in Ra are similiar to the 3rd and 4th of E's addition, but there are no parallels to E's 1st and 2nd. The two lines in H2 are distinctly different from any of these. Also, this line in Ra begins with a space of 9+ characters' width, suggesting uncertainty about its exemplar's text (or sense), or an attempt to emend it. E has Vicars in this position in the corresponding line. Tilot (an ordained priest, and a vicar of Chichester Cathedral from before 1415) may have intended to substitute another word for one so closely associated with himself (see Horobin [2005]: 19-20). He apparently never settled on an appropriate replacement, and this unique word-blank remains. lederes þei be of louedayes . and with þe lawe medle . I fonde þer þe [nothing] of freres . alle þe fower orderes prechynge þe peple . for profyt of here þe her heore þair hem wombys  glosede þe gospel . as hem goud lykede for couetyse of copys . construdytconstrud yt it [nothing] Ra.P.60: There is a slight space between <d> and <y>, but it is no more than that separating non-ligatured consonants and <y>–as, for instance, in copys earlier in this line. The yt would be an unique instance of that spelling for the pronoun in Ra; it is not, however, unusual as a verb-ending, so perhaps the correction should be to construyt: cf. construit at 8.133. as þei wolde . Many of þo þise þis þese þer þir thes heore [nothing] maystres . mown may mow mowe mowen ben [nothing] cloþen hem at lykyng for her money and her marchaundyse . metyn to-gederis  sythe charite haþ be chapman . ⁊̃& chef to schryue lordis 2 Fele Manye Mony ferlyis han falle . in a fewe ȝerus . But holy cherche and þey . holdyn holden bet þe better to holde holde holdyn better holde bet holdyn bet to-gederys þe moste myschef of þis on on þis of þe of vpon molde . mounteþ is mountyng mountith mountes is toward vp faste  þer prechede a pardoner . a prest as þouȝ he as he a prest as prest as he prist as he a prest as it were brouȝthe forþ bullys a bulle . wyth busschopys selys . And seyde seide þat hym-self . myȝte a-soyle hem alle of falsnesse of fastynge . of & of a-vowes brokyn  þe [nothing] These lewdemenlewde men leued hym it [nothing] wel . and lykyd his speche come knelyng vp vp knelynge knelyng vppon kneys . to kyssyn his bullys bulle bulles . He blessed bunchide blenchet hem with his breuet . and blered here eyes rauȝthe hem And rauȝte And he rauȝte he rauthe rauȝhe with his rageman . broches and rynges ryngys & brochis  þus ȝe þei þai thay ȝeuen ȝore gold . glotonys to helpynRa.P.75: There is some spotting of red ink in the right margin, not obviously offset from the facing page. and lenyn hit to to hyth to at þese loselys . þat lecherye haunten . But were Were Weore Where þe byschop y-blessed . and worþ boþe his erys his selys sel seel seal seaules schulde not be sent . to disseyue þe peple  I trowe hit be not for It is not be I trow noght it be for y trowe it is noght for Saue hit his not bi He is nouȝ al be It is nouth born It is not al by hit is nat al be hit is not by It is not al by þe byschop . þat þe boye precheþ but Ac But for [nothing] þe pardoner and þe parichesprestpariches prest parissh prest & þe pardoner Ra.P.80: The long <s> is written over (or squeezed in after) an original <e> at the end of pariche. . departyn parte departid þe syluer .Ra.P.80: What looks a bit like an <e> or <;> following syluer is more likely interpretable as an irregular, large punctus–cf. 4, 8 lines below–with 2 stray ink spots. That þe pore pore peple of þe parissh pore men poore of þe parysche scholde departyn haue . ȝif þat þei ne were parsonys and parrysprestesparrys prestes . playnen pleynide hem han playned pleyne þaim to her byschop  þat her parryssenys parissh cherches kirkes Ra.P.83: What may appear to be a macron above the <e> is rather the curved downstroke of the <y> above. ben were weryn was haþ ben han ben weore pore . syþen þe pestelens tyme to haue a lycence and a & [nothing] leue . at londoun to dwelle . To synge for symonye . for syluer is swete þer houyd an houndred . in howys of sylke  seriauntes þo it þei thay þaim semede . pletede þat seruide to serven atseruyd at þe barre þei pleted Pleten þat pledeyn To pleden to pletyn for penys . and poundyt þe lawe . Ac And But Wald [nothing] non nouȝt nouth nauȝt Not [nothing] for þe [nothing] loue of our lord . opnyd vnlose opyn not open not vnlese here lyppys lippes ones þou myȝthist beter mete þe [nothing] a myst . on maluerne hyllys  þan getyn a mum of her mowȝtmow[tȝ] . tyl monye be schewyd I saw þer [nothing] byschopys bolde . and bacheleres of dyuyn . By-come clerkes of a-count . þe kyng for to seruyn I saw þer archedeknys and denys . þat dignyte hauyn  to preche þe peple . and pore men to fede þey beþ Ben Beon Beth þei ben Or lopyn to loundoun . þorw be to for leue of here byschop . And beþ ben be beon er become clerkes of þe kynges bench . þe cuntre to schynde barounys ⁊̃& burgeysys burgeis burgeises burches bugeys . and bondeagys bondage Bonde men Ra.P.98: See Kane's note to Pro.96. The word is unambiguously bondeagys: the <o> bites the initial , a frequent practice of this scribe. alse  I saw in þat symple semble semele . as ȝe schul here herafter aftir I saw [nothing] Ra.P.100: I saw is Ra's unique reading in this line; it is arguably the scribe's mistaken copying of the beginning of the previous line. þer bakesteres ⁊& brewesteres bocheris brewers [nothing] . bocheres breusteris ⁊& kokys manye boþe [nothing] . Wollene webesteres . and weuerys of lynene taylowres tauerneres t[ok]keris Tokers and towkers toucheris & toucherys and thackers tanneris & tynkelers & tornors & Souters . and tynkeres tolleris tokkeris Tapsters boþe  masounys mynores and many oþer craftys ac As And Als [nothing] dykeres and delueres . þat don here werk dede dedes dedys dedus ylle . To And þat And heuere dryue forþ þe longe day . with deusa dieu saue dieuȝ deu vus douce dieu gard Ra.P.105: I.e., douce. dammemedamme eme cokys and her knawys . cryden crieþ crien cried cryyd hote pyes hote  gode gees ⁊& grys . go we dyne go we tauerneres tolled hem . and to hem til hem vnto þaim on tyll hym tolde hem [nothing] þe same . Wyth whyt wyn of oseye . and & wyn of gascoyneRa.P.109: This line and the next are linked with a red bracket at the end. This bracketing, unique in the MS, corresponds to an anomaly in the red ticking for the line-initial capitals at the beginning of these two lines. What the correspondence suggests is, however, not clear. Of þe ryn and þe of þe of [nothing] rochel . þat roost to defye  þis saw I Al þis sauȝ I þis sawe I All þis saw I my-self slepyng my selue slepynge . and seuen syþes more . Passus primus de visione . n NOw [nothing] what þis þe fayre [nothing] mounteyn may mene [be]meniþ bemenyth bemeneth meniþ meneþ menys . ⁊& þis ek þe þe derke merke dyrke merk myrk deope dalys and And ek And all þis þe that þis feire felde ful of folk . fayre wil I I shal ȝow faire faire y schal ȝow feire I schal ow schewe  a lufly lady of lere . in lynene was [nothing] y-cloþed cam doun fro þe þat [nothing] chyf clyf cleffe kiþ loft [nothing] Ra.1.4: While the emendation to clyf is attractive, I retain the MS reading and suggest that this hapax may offer an (otherwise unattested) form of MED chef (n.), 5(a), meaning "top" and implying "of the mountain, or tower", mentioned earlier). . ⁊& called me fayre . And sayde sone sclepyst þou . seyst þou þis peple how bysy þat [nothing] þei be . a-boute þe mase  þe moste party of þe þis peple . þat passyth on lyue on þis erþe here in eorþe here on erþe nou on eorþe vppon erþe on erþe in erþe on þe erþe on þis hye haue þei worschepys of in þis wordle world werld . þei kepe no betere . Of oþer heuene þan here . hold þei no tale I was a-ferd of hire face . þow sche fayre were  and sayde mercy madame . what may þis by-mene is þis to mene is tomene þe tour in of on & toft þe toft þis toft quod sche . trouþe is þer-inne . Wolde And wolde þat wolde he wolde þat þou ȝe men wrouȝtest . as his word schewys techiþ techit tecchithe techys teches for he is fader of feyth . and formed vs ȝow ow Ra.1.14: The first-person plural pronoun here, and in following lines (e.g., 17, 19), is characteristic of RaE (with Ma here, and with Wa in the other two instances). alle  with Boþe wiþ fel and whyt face wiþ face with fleche in flesh . ⁊& a ȝaf ȝow with owr & ȝoure fyn wyt fyue wyttes 3. for to worschepe hym þerwith . whyl þat whiles þe whyle þat while wyll wiles qwylis qwylse ȝeRa.1.16: Ra departs from EWa (we) and Ma (he), and joins with the other manuscripts in using a second-person pronoun here. ben here . Ther-fore And þerfore And for he lyȝthe hiȝte heet hooteth byhyghte heten hyed hiȝte ȝow hetyth yow bad ȝow light Ra.1.17: The non-alliterating lyȝthe here [for hiȝte in T and others, with assorted variants elsewhere] is paralleled only by E's light. in-to þe into þe [nothing] Ra.1.17: in-to here [for þe elsewhere] is paralleled only by E's into þe. erþe . to helpe vs ȝow ow [nothing] echone of wollene wollen wollyn lynene linen of lynene lynen lynnene lynnen lynnyn lynenyn wollene wollen . of lyflode at nede  in mesurable manere . to maken vs ȝow ow ateseat ese and commaunded of his cortesye . in comoun þre þynges . Are non nedful but þo . to & [nothing] meuyn nempne nempnen nemen nemyn nembe neuen name hem I þenke and rekkene hem in resoun . reherse ȝe þou þe þe (? ȝe) ȝow [nothing] hem after  þat on is vesture verylyche [nothing] of cloþe cloþing . from Ra.1.23: There is a small, natural hole in the manuscript here. chele ȝou þe þe nou þat it may þe ow to saue þat oþer þat oþer is þe toþer is And þat oþur And mete at ȝour at mel . for myschef myseise mysease myshese of ȝour-selue þiselue ȝow selue . Drynke And drink The þredde drink when þou dryest þe driȝeþ þe drieth þe dryeth ȝow drieth þou drye art ȝow thristes þou druiȝest þou dryyst þe thyrstes . ac do hit not out of resoun so þat Þat At ȝe þou the wyrche worþe weore wirke do þe worce . when ȝe þou swynke schulde  for loot loth lot lote lott in his lyfdayes . for lykyng of drynke dede by his douȝtryn . as þat þe deuel lykyd . DelytedRa.1.29: This line begins with a variant form of the capital <D>: cf. 4 lines earlier. hym in drynke . as the deuyl wolde and lecherye hym lauȝthe . and lay by hem boþe  and al he wyted þe it it þe [nothing] wyn . þat wyckede dede dred delytable drynke . and þou schalt do þe betere . Mesure is medycyne . þey þouRa.1.33: NOTE this spelling of þou, the first instance in the manuscript; this form, which appears frequently, justifies expanding the þ with superscript u as þou. moche desyre ȝerne ȝeore crave al is not good to þe gost . þat þe gut askyt  ne lyfful to liflode to þe lyflode to þy lykame . þat lyf lef leof is to þe soule lef not ȝut þi þis ȝu[r] lykame . for alþera l[y]er hem hym techys . That þis is þe is þis wreched wordle world werlde word . þe to þe to [wolde] þe þat wolde þe þat wald þe be-traye for þe fend and þy flesch . folwyn to-gedere  to And þat And For to schende þi sely þi þi sory þe soule . set hit in þyn herte .Ra.1.39: The appearance of a punctus at the end of this line is irregular, but the regular pattern is maintained by the lines on either side.Ra.1.39: Many manuscripts have a line following this (Kane's 1.40) which is absent here, as it is from E. There is, furthermore, no obvious sign of its being dropped in the regular quatrain capitals in Ra. A madame mercyRa.1.40: The change of script to textura marks this as French. quod I . me lykes wel ȝour wordis . Ac þe money of on in þis molde . þat men so faste holdys telleþ me to whom . þat tresoure apendys  go to þe gospel quod sche . þat god seyde hym-selue þo þe peple hym aposyd . with a peny in þe temple . ȜifRa.1.45: The initial yogh here is, unusually, capitalized. þei schulde worschep þer-with . sesar þe kyng Ra.1.45: There is a border of wavy lines, in red, under the last line of text on this side. a iij and god he Ra.1.46: The omission is marked by an infralinear caret. asked of hem . of whom spak þe lettere  and ymage lyke . þat þer-inne standys sesar þei sayde . we sen wel echone . Reddite sesaris[i]Ra.1.49: The looped "r" at the end requires an <es> or <is> expansion. The scribe is perhaps remembering the Latin, which contains both caesaris and caesari, but not adjusting for the English in the second half-line, which more properly translates the Latin genitive form. quodRa.1.49: There is a two-letter space following the <q> (with diagonal abbreviation stroke). The red discoloration of the space may indicate that it previously contained a punctus (now erased) marking the caesura. One would have expected the caesura to be after god, but there is no obvious mid-line punctuation in this line. god þat sesar byfallyþ ⁊& que sunt dei deo . or oþer ellys ȝe do ylle  For ryȝthful riȝtfulliche rightful rytfulleche resounRa.1.51: The expected caesural punctus is missing. schal reule shulde rewele rewlys ȝow alle and kende kynde kuynde Ra.1.52: The first <e> is written over what appears to be the initial stroke of a <y>. wit be wardeyn . ȝowre welþe to kepe . And tutour of ȝour trosour Ra.1.53: There was a hole in the original folio: cf. 23 above. An expected caesural punctus is missing: cf. lines 49, 51 above. to & ac take hit ȝou at nede for husbondrye and he . holden to-gedere  þanne I frayned hure fayre . for hym þat hure made þe doungoun in þe dale . þat dredful is of syȝth . What may hit by-mene . madame I þe by-seche þat is þe castel of care . who-so comeþ þer-to þereinne þarin  may banne þat he bore was . to body or to soule þer-inne woneþ a wyȝth . þat was wrong is is wrong wrang is y-hote . Fader of falfhedefal[s]hede . he fonde hit hym-self adam and eue . he heggede hem to helle ille euyll  and [nothing] he conseyled caym . to kylle his broþer iudas he iapede . with Iewene syluer . And syþen on a eldere . heng hym- self [nothing] after he is lettere of loue . and [nothing] he seyneth leiȝeþ lyeth liys lyygh on bylyȝeth gillith gylyd lithers laccheth Ra.1.66: Ra's unique reading seyneth, Kane interprets as seyueth. hem alle  þat trustyn on his trosour . be-trayd ar sonered sounest sunnest sannest so fast soner[e]Ra.1.67: Kane queries whether it has been "? touched up." The concluding red is in darker ink, and the form of <d> is unusual, almost cursive, which shows up frequently later in the manuscript when the graph is linked with following <e>. This may explain the odd left-curving stroke at the bottom right of the letter and the raised (and irregular) punctus following. Cf. the form souner(e) at 11.285, 312. . þan haddyhadd y wonder in my wit . what womman hit were . That suche wyse wordes . of holy wryt schewde and assched h[a]lside hailside halsyde halsed halsede hailsyd hailised coniured askyd axed her on þe hye name . or þen sche þenne ȝede þennis ȝede þennis yode ȝede þenne þeonne ȝeode . what sche were wyterly . þat wyssed me so fayre . holychurche I am quod sche . þou auȝtys me to knowe . I vnderfong þe furst . and ȝutȝu[r] feyþ þe tauȝthe þou brouȝtesbrouȝtes[t] me borwys . my byddyng to wyrche  to loue me lely . þe [nothing] whylys þy lyf durythRa.1.75: The <y> is oddly formed, as though the scribe could not decide between <y> and <þ>. The bottom of the initial long downstroke leans toward the left, rather than the right (as is usual with his <þ>), but it does not have the loop-continuation from the second stroke of a <y>. Ra.1.75: For some inexplicable reason, the scribe left a final ruled line unfilled at the bottom of this page. 4. thanne I knelyd on my kneys . ⁊̃& cryed hure of grace . Prayede hure pytusly . to praye for my synnys and ek teche me kyndely . on cryst to byleue  þat I myȝthe wyrke his wille . þat wrouȝthe me to manne teche me to no trosour . but tel me þis ylke . Hou I may saue my soule . þat seynt arn art am had Ra.1.81: The choice of art by many scribes, and modern editors, diverges from the Dreamer's usual form of addressing her with the 'polite' ȝe, which should take the plural form of the verb, as is Ra's form here. y-holde whenne alle tresoures arenarn tryed quod sche [nothing] quod heo . trouþe is þe beste  I do hit on deus caritas . to deme þe soþe hit is as derworþe a dreury . as dere god hym-selue . For who-so is trewe of his tonge . tel hit telliþ & tellith & teleth tell he euel of trow þou tel[l]i[þ]Ra.1.85: The reading is tel hit in RaWa; the sense seems to require we follow Knott-Fowler and Kane in choosing to emend this to the reading of other manuscripts: telliþ. non oþer doþ þe werkes þer-wiþ . wyllyþ & wilneþ willeþ and willeth and wyllith willit & wil wil and doþ & doþ at wil no man ylle  he is a god by þe gospel . on grounde and a-lofthe Luke and eke lyk to oure lord . by seynt Iamys lukis Lucus lucas Ra.1.88: Iamys has been underlined, in what appears to be the same ink and nib as the later marginal note. wordys . Clerkes Þe clerkis þat hit knoweþ knowe it knowyn it (after cancelled kennyn a) it knowe wel . schulde kenne hit a-boute for crystene and vncrystene . cleymeþ echone  kynges and knyȝthes . schulde kepe hit by resoun and ryde and rappe adoun doun . in remys a-boute . And take trespasoures . and tyȝe hem faste til truþe haue hadde hedde Ra.1.94: The hau, and especially <e>, are very faded. termynyd . here truþeRa.1.94: This second truþe is also in Ha and Ma; otherwise, the manuscripts read trespas. to an þe þe ende  for dauyt in his dayes . dubbede knyȝtes and [nothing] He dude hem swere on her swerdys swerd sweord swerdus swordes . to serue truþe euere . This Þat For þat is þe prophecye apertly professioun apertly perte profession parfyt professyoun profeace . þat a-pendyþ to knyȝtes and nouȝth to faste a fryday . in fyue score wynter  but holde with hym and with hure . þat askeþ þe truþe and neuere leue hem for loue . ne for ne ne no no lachyngeRa.1.100: In situations other than with a final <g> this suspension mark normally stands in for er: cf. neu(er)e and sylu(er) in this line. But it may also be intended as a superscript <e>, as in the similar forms with final <r> in the preceding two lines: score and hure. This also seems to be the usual <e> suspension following <g>, as in ȝeldynge (Ra.2.66) and blessynge. of syluer ȝeftis ȝiftes yeftis ȝiftis ȝiftus gyftes . And heo-so þat pursewyt whoso passiþ þat poynt Ra.1.101: he so þat pursewyt is unique to Ra; all other manuscripts, of whatever version, present variants more closely related to Kane's reading of this half-line whoso passiþ þat poynt. . he [nothing] is apostata in her his þe that [nothing] ordere and cryst kyngene kyng . knyȝthede tene  cherubyn ⁊& seraphyn . and such seuene oþere such sevene & anoþer shuche seuen & a noþer & sweche vij othere & seuen moo oþere and siche mo oþere & alle þe foure ordres an al þe foure ordres such seuene and on oþer suche seuene and oþer and [nothing] He ȝaf hem myȝth in hisRa.1.104: The omission is marked by infralinear caret. mageste . þe meryere hem þouȝthe . And ouer his mayne . made hem archangelys tauȝthe hem þorw þe trinyte . þe treuþe to knowe  to be buxum at his byddyng . he bad hem nouȝt ellys lucyferRa.1.108: The second minim of the and the <c> appear to be written over a partly erased (or incomplete) <y>. The darker ink of the <c> suggests that the pen was freshly dipped after the faint minim was inscribed over the first downstroke of the <y>. with legyonys . lered hit in heuene . And watwa[s] þe louelekyst of syȝth . after oure lord Ra.1.109: What appears to be an irregular punctus here is more like a stray drop of ink, or dirt. tyl he brak buxsumnesse . þorw bost of hym-selue  þanne fel he with his felawys . and fendys by-come out of heuene in-to helle . hoblede þey faste . Summe in erþe and [nothing] some in eyre erþe eorþe þe Eorþe þe eyr . doun in-to summe in helle depe and lucyfer lowest . lyȝthe liþ lithe lyyth liȝþ light liþ hit of hem alle  for pride þat he putte oute . his payne haþ non ende and alle þat worschepe werchen with wrong . wende þey schulde . After here deþ-day . and dwelle with þat schrewe ac þo þat worche þat þe word . þat holycherche techys  and endeþ as I ere sayde . in parfyte workys mowe be syker þat her soule . schal wende in-to heuene . Ther truþe is in trinite . and trowen tron[iþ] troneþ tronen treonen turnyt trowe crowneþ Corouneþ crownen techys tryeste Ra.1.121: trowen in Ra has its closest analogue in trowe of H2. Kane emends to tron[iþ]; Schmidt follows N's troneþ; and Knott-Fowler prefers T's tronen. hem alle for-þy I seye as I sayde ere . by sentRa.1.122: Kane's note is 'sent (? seut)': cf. 1.322 below of þese tyxtes  whanne alle trosures be are arun ar ben is tryed . truþe is þe beste leryþ þus it þus it þis þis it these it þe to it to it lewyde men . for letteryd hit knowyn . That truþe is is þe is a tresour . þe [nothing] tryeste on erthe ȝut haue I no no kynde knowynge quod I . ȝe mot me betere teche kenne me bet me bet kenne teche me betere me betere kenne me teched better lerne betere better to lere  by what crafthRa.1.127: This spelling of the word is unique, and not found in the MED. in my cores[s]Ra.1.127: The spelling cores is unique and not warranted. Perhaps a long <s> in the exemplar was mistaken as a not completely dissimilar <es> abbreviation. . hit comeþ compsiþ bicomseþ domseth coueitid and where þou dotede daffe quath he[sc]heRa.1.128: he is also in H2, but in it altered by later hand to she. . dulle are þy wittes . Hit is a kynde knowynge . þat comes kenneþ comseth cometh komyt kyndellys in þyn herte for to loue þi lorde . leuer þan þy-seluyn  no dedly synne to do . þeȝ þou deye diȝe þeiȝ þou yf þou dye to deth þouth þou schuldest þis I trowe be truþe . who can teche þe betere . Loke þou suffre hym to say . ⁊& syþe lere after it aftir it further it forþure for þus witnesseþ his word . worche þou þer-after  þat loue is þe leuyste þing . þat oure lord askeþ and ȝe ek þe also þe also in I is [þ]e plente of pes . prechyd preche it prechet preche þou it put it Ra.1.136: Ra's prechyd is supported by Ma; and by V's prechet. in þyn harpe . Ther þou art merye at mete . whem ȝif whan ȝef whon & whe[n]Ra.1.137: The reading is whem, with what appears to be an irrecularly formed <a,> instead proving to be an <e> pressing up against the first minim of <m>. heny men me Ra.1.137: The reading of the manuscript is clearly heny (less probably heuy) which is either a variant of any with an epenthetic <h>, or a variant of hine (servant; person). Cf. Introduction, IV.1.2.8. byddyt þe ȝedde 5. for in kynde knowynge of in [nothing] herte . ther comeþ comsiþ comsit Cumse conseyue comseth begynnys bygynne coueitid amerthea merthe a miȝt myȝte alle merthe al myrth a Fitte suche a fytt  and þat falleþ to þe fader . þat tformedeRa.1.139: The <f> is written in over an original <t>. vs alle lokede on vs with loue . and let his sone deye . Meklyche for oure mysdedys . to a-mende vs alle and ȝut wolde hym he hem he heom he þaim he hym no wo . þat wrouȝthe hym þat pyne  but mekly by wiþ be mouþe . mercy mercy he by-souȝthe to haue pyte on þat peple . þat pyned hym to deye deþe deye . Here myȝthe þou se exaumples . in hym-self one þat he was mercyful miȝtful mygthi mythy and meke . and mercy gan graunte  to hem þat hengyn hym by heiȝe hyȝe eye on cros [nothing] . and his herte þerled for-þy I rede þe þou þe þee ȝe ȝow ryche . haue reutheRa.1.148: The <e> is squeezed in between <r> and , taking hostage the first minim of . on þe pore . Thow Þeiȝ They þouȝ þoȝe þouth þof Thou þagh Yf ȝe be myȝthy to mote . beþ meke of ȝour workys for þe same mesure ȝe mete . amys oþer ellys  ȝe schul be weye þer-with . whenne ȝe goþ wende gon hennys for-þy For þeiȝ ȝe Thow ȝe þouth ȝe Thow þow beþ be ben beon trowe trewe trwe treowe Ra.1.152: The extended bottom stroke of the <o> may suggest the scribe (or a later reader) sought to alter the letter to an <e> . Cf. trowe also in J. Kane notes J's variant, but not Ra's. of ȝour tonges . and trewlyche wynne . And ek be chast as chast als chast [nothing] as a chylde . þat in þe [nothing] cherche wepys but But ȝif ȝe loue lely . þe & lene þe and eke loue þe & ȝeue to lone þe & loue wel þe & releue þe meseise & & succurre þe & ek þe poreRa.1.154: This is an exceptionally short line; the variants in other manuscripts may suggest the early loss of an alliterating phrase at the start of the second half-line.  of such gode as god sent . goudlyche departyn parteþ þei Ȝe Tho haue ne haue naue haueþ han hast no more meryte . in masse ne in houres . Than malkyn of hire maydynhede . þat no man desyres for Iamys þe gentyl . Iugyd ioynide he iuggith demys hath wryten Seyth it in his bokys  þat feyþ withoute fet . is febeler þan nouȝth and And as as ded as a dore nayl . but ȝif þe dede folwe . Chastite with-oute cheryte . worþ schrynedRa.1.161: Or is it schryued? The word is also in U and L; others have variants of cheynide. And cf. 1.167 below. in helle Hit is as lewyd as a laumpe . þat no lyȝth is inne  manye chapelaynes are chaste . ac cherite is a-waye are no men hardere þan þey . whan þey beþ a-vaunsed . Wonkynde to her kyn . and eke to alle crystene schewen Chewen þei schewyn Thay shew al here cherite . and chyden after more  such chastyte with-oute cherite . worþ schryned cheynid shewed claymed Ra.1.167: Cf. 1.161 above. in helle ȝe curatures þat kepe ȝou . clene of ȝour body . Ȝe beþ a-combred with synne coueitise care Ra.1.169: synne is unique to Ra; cf. 1.176 below. . ȝe counne nouȝt out crepe so hard haþ auaryce . hasped ȝou to-gedere  þat is no truþe of trynite . but trecherye of helle and a begynnynge lering lernynge leornyng to lewede men . þe latter to dele . For þis are wordis þe wordis y-wryten writen . in þe ewangelye Date ⁊& dabitur uobis . for I may [nothing] shal dele ȝou alle  þat is þe lok of loue . þat lateþ oute my grace to comforte þe carfulle . a-combred with synne . Loue ys þe leuysteRa.1.177: The second stroke of the <y> is a slight afterthought, correcting what began as a <þ>. þyng . þat oure lord askeþ +A corrector's cross, probably contemporary with the following marginal note. and eke þe redyeste graiþ geynyst grettest gracieuse gate . þat goþ in-to heuene  fol 32 printed post f. 24 bThis appears in ink below the cross, in a later (?19 cent.) hand. It marks the beginning of the displaced lines from Passus 7. The concluding four lines of Passus 1 come at the end of the transposed text, after VII.211: fol. 7v, below. dame worch whanne tyme is . perys wyf hatte his douȝter hatteRa.1.180: Ra is unique in omitting do from this line. ryȝth so . or þi dame schal þe bete . His sone hatte suffre þy soueraynys . to haue here wille and dem hym hem heom [out] nouȝt for for ȝif for ȝef for ȝeue [out] þou dost . þou schalt hit sore a-bye  let god wyrche þer-withalle wiþal al [out] . for so his word teches for now I am olde and hore . and haue of myn owe . To penaunce ⁊& to pylgermage . wyl I passe with oþere for-þy I wyl or er eer ar [out] I wende . do wryte my be-questes Ra.1.186: This line may mark a new scribal stint: the letters become a bit bigger and ink a bit darker. In dei nomine amen . I makyd make it write it [out] my-seluyn for he He [out] schal haue my soule . þat best haþ deserued . And defende hit fro þe fend . for so is my I I wil [out] by-leue til I come to his a-countes . as my crede me techys  to haue reles and remyssyoun . on þat rente rental trentale [out] I leue þe cherche schal haue my careyne . ⁊̃& kepe my bonys . For of my corn and my catel . he craueþ þe tyþys I payde hem hym hit him [out] a-prestly prestly þe prist [out] . for peryl of my soule  he is by-holde holden I hope . to haue me in mynde and monne me in his memorie . a-mong alle crystene . My wyf schal haue al of half [nothing] þat I wan . truly wiþ treuþe with þe and no more and dele a-mong my frendys . and my dere chyldryn  for þouȝ I deye to-day . my dettes beþ y-quytted quyt aqwytyd paied 6. I bar home þat I borwed . or er eer ar I to bedde ȝede . And with þe resydue and þe remenaunt . by þe rode of chestre I wolde wile wole wold worschepe þer-with . truþe by in be to my lyue  and be his pilgrym at þe plow . for pore menys sake . my plow plouȝpote plow staf staf plough Foote plowbat schal be my pykstaf pyk pekedstaf pyked pilgrimstaf potent . and pyke putte potten posse posschen picche pyche pycchyn rende wp at owt vp aweye [v]p þe rotes . And helpe my culter to kerue . and close þe forewys forewis forewes forowes forwys forwes furwes fowrys fores vorwes Ra.1.205: A small hole in the original folio obscures the <e> in forewys; the hole intrudes between plow and fare in the next line. Now is peres and þe pilgrimys . to þe plow fare to herye þe þis þat his half akere . helpyn hym manye dykeres and delueres . dyggyng on di[gg]eþ vp dyggen vp digged vp dyggid vp dolue vp doluyn vp duluen vp þat deluyn vp dykeþ vp dyken vp dyke vp Dikeden vp diȝten vp þe bankes balkis Rotes rotys  Ther-with was perkyn a-payde payed ypaied wel paid wele payyd wele Ipayd . and preysed hem ȝerne oþer werk-men þer were . þat wrouȝthyn ful faste  euerey Eche vche man on his manere . made hym hymself to done and some to plese perkyn . gaderyd pykide þei pekede & pykyd out vp þe wedys . At þe At And at And at the And atte hey prime peres . let þe plow stande to ouer-sey hem hym-self . who-so best wrouȝthe  schuld be heryed hirid hyre þer-after . when heruest tyme comeRa.1.215: A blot (or a later sloppy attempt at correction) obscures the space following the second minim. What follows the two minims of or <n> in the original hand does not appear to be another minim, but what looks like <ee>. What exactly lies beneath the dark, later blot is to the naked eye quite unclear. þanne sete þer [nothing] some . and sunge at þe ale . And helpen to eryeRa.1.217: The initial <e> appears to have been immediately corrected from what appears to be the beginning downstroke of <h> (cf. the spelling heryed in 215 above). þat half akre . with dusadammemedusa dammeme hey trolly lolly dieu sa dame emme dieu or dame Emme by þe prince of paradys . quod peres þo I in i[n] wratthe  but ȝe ryse þe raþer . ⁊& rape ȝou to werche schal no greyn þat her groweþ . glade ȝou at nede . And þey ȝe deye for dol . þe deuel hange haue hym haue haue hym þat recke recche rechith rekkyth rakys þanne were faytourys a-ferd . and fayned hem blynde  some leyde þe here her heore þeire leg a-lery . as suche loselys lorellis counne and pleyned hem to peres . with suche pytous wordis . We haue no no none [nothing] lymes to lobore with . lord y-graced be ȝe ac we praye for ȝou peres . and for ȝour plow boþe  þat god for of his grace . ȝoure greyn multyplye and ȝelde ȝou for of [nothing] ȝour almesse . þat ȝe ȝyue vs here . For we mowe noþer swete ne swynke swynke ne swete swynke . such febelnysse seknesse feblesse vs eyleþ ȝif hit beRa.1.230: soth is here absent from Ra; UJA read so. quod peres þat ȝe seye . I schal hit sone a-spye  ȝe beþ wastores I wot wel . ⁊& truþe wot þe soþe and I am his olde hyne . I & auȝte hym to warne . sWhyche Suche Sweche whuche whiche wyche Qwyche Ra.1.233: A lower-case long <s> is inserted by the original scribe before the capital <W>; the fact that the <s> and not the <W> is ticked with red indicates it was an early self-correction. There is no sign of any strike-through or subpunction (e.g., under <h>). wastores in þis wordle world werlde . his werkmen to destroyin distroyeþ schende ȝe eten þat I [hy] hij þei þai schulde ete . þat erye for vs alle  ac truthe schal teche ȝou . hys teem for to dryue boþe to sette and to sowe . and to [nothing] saue his tilþe . Chace Cacche Gaste gast kaire To kepyn gees [cowes] coos crowes crowys crowen from þe his corn . ⁊̃& kepe his bestis or ȝe sculle eten barly bred . and of þe brok drynke  but he be blynd oþer or [nothing] brokeschankyd . oþer or & bedred lygges ȝe Þei schulleRa.1.240: Ra, uniquely, does not have ete as good here. as ete as good I . so me god helpe . Til god of his grace . gere hem to a-ryse ankeres and ermites . þat holdeþ hem in her sellys  ȝe [nothing] schal haue of myn almesse . al þe while I lybbe y-now eche day at non . ac no more ar til ar or [nothing] morwe on þe morewe a þe on morowh on þe morne aftre . LesteRa.1.245: There appears to be the remains of a deleted (?rubbed/scraped) <e> after the <t>. his flesch and þe fend . foulyd his soule onys at non is y-nowȝ . þat no werk ne [nothing] vsyþ  he a-bydeþ wel þe betere . þat bommeþ not to ofþe NotaThe Na is in a later (?16th century) hand. þan gan þe wastores wastour þe wastour a wastour aryse . and wolde haue y-fouȝte . To pers þe plowman . he proferyd his gloue a bretonyr a braggere . bostede he bostide a bostid he bost bost hym al-so  and bad hym go pysse hym [nothing] with his plow . pylede schrewe wille þou nelle þou we wil haue . oure wilRa.1.252: Note the irregular line division: Kane places the following words at the beginning of the next line. of þy flour . nThere is a small <n> for nota in the left margin. Perhaps it is a <cc>-shaped paraph mark? It is possibly related to the inserted make in the following line. Thy and þi And of þi flees flessh fleche fysche fette a-way fecche fette to fechin fecche awey fettin awey & þy fysch [nothing] . wannew[h]anneRa.1.253:This is the only instance (in ~55 appearances) in the manuscript where the aspirate <h> is omitted from the spelling of this word. so vs vs þat vs lykyþ and makeRa.1.254: The insertion is above the line; a caret below marks the position. vs merye þer-with . maugre þy chekys  þanne peres plowman þe plouȝman [nothing] . pleyned hym to þe knyȝthys kniȝt knygh & prayed hym to helpe to kepe hym as couenaunt was . foromRa.1.256: The <r> is written over an original <o> by the main scribe. cursede schrewes . Fro wasteres þat wayte . wynneres to schende curteysly tho þe knyȝth þe kniȝt þanne . asRa.1.258: The <a> appears to have been touched up later with dark ink. his kynde wolde  warnede wastores wastour þe wastour þe wastours þan wastour . and wyssede hem hym hem do betere or ȝe þou boye þou þei schal a-byȝe by þe laweRa.1.260: The <a> and the first stroke of <w> are blotted (?while being touched up) with darker ink. . by þe lord ordre orde þat I welde bere 7. I was not woned to worche quod wastores wastour a wastour [nothing] . now wil I not bygynne ?A <cc>-shaped paraph mark, or is it a small <n> for nota? This is in the gutter and not visible in the image provided. It perhaps is meant to alert the scribe to insert the <⁊̃&> at the beginning of the line. ⁊̃&Ra.1.262: Immediately before the initial <l>, the original scribe has inserted a tilded et. let lyth of þe lawe . and lasce of þe knyȝth  and countede peres at a pese . and his plow boþe and mancede hym and his men . whanne þei nyxt mette . Now by þe peril of my soule quod peres . I schal apeyre ȝou alle and hopyd after hounger . þat herde hym at þe fyrste  a-wrek me on þes on on þese on þis of of þis wastores quod peres . þat þis wordle world werlde word werd wreld schendis hounger in haste þenne hente . wastores wastour þaim by þe mawe . And wrang hem hym so him by þe mawe wombe . þat alle watered her his þair eyen and buffeted þe bretoner . a-bouþe þe chekys  þat he loked as lik a lanterne . al his lyf after he bet hem so boþe . and þat he he þat brak brast barst brosten nere here mawes . Ne hadde peres with a pese lof . prayed hym belyue and with a bene bach batte bat kake . he hadde he[ȝ]ede hem he ȝede hem he ȝed hem he ȝede he ȝede so ȝede hem had hyhyd busked heom he wente hem he had I bot hem þai abade by-twene  and hitte hounger þer-with . a-mydde his lyppys and bledde in-to þe body-ward . a bolle ful of grouuel . Ne hadde þe fesysyoun fisician ferst . defended hem water to bate abate abate wiþ þe barly bred . and þe benys y-grounde  þei hadde ben dede by þis day . and doluen al warme faytoures for fere . flowyn in-to bernys . And flappyn on with flaylys . fro morwe til eue þat hounger was not so [nothing] hardy . onys [nothing] on hem to for to loke  for a potel of pesyn . þat peres hadde y-maked mad made Imad Imade ymakyd make [su]ffere sor [ow]yngThe marginal comment, in dark ink, is by a later hand. The tight stitching prevents a clear view into the gutter for the image provided. The text looks like "[su]ffere sor [ow]yng." an hep of ermytes . hente hem spadys . And doluen dryt and donge . to dryue ditte dryuen dutte holde holdyn fil hounger out blynde and blereyed bedrede blereeyȝed blered . were a-boute botind boted betyn Ibotyd wotned aboutyn a þowsand  þat leyȝe blynde [blereyed] for blynd [nothing] [line omitted] and broke-legged . by þe hye-waye . hounger hem helede . with an hot cake . And manye [nothing] lame mennys lymes . were lyþed þat tyme and by-comen knauys . to kepe peres bestes  and prayde for pur par pytously par hym for cherite . with peres for to dwelle and Al And alle [nothing] for couetyse of his corn . to chace cacche cachen cacchyn chache kayre caste kepe a-way hounger . And peres was proud þer-of . and putte hem in-to in to offys ȝaf And ȝaf he ȝaf hem mete and mone . as þey myȝthe a-serue  þanne hadde peres pyte . and prayde hounger to wende home in-to his owen ȝerd er[d]e T D Ch Ha La K hurde lond hous lord . and holde hym þer euere . And Ac Bor [nothing] ȝut I praye preye þe prey you quod peres . or er ar þou passe ferþer of beggeres and bydderes . what is best best is best beo to done  for I wot wel be þou went ywent . þey hy he þay wil worche ylle myschef hit makeþ . þey h[y] þai thay þat þey þe hym beþ so meke nowþe . And for defaute of fode . þus faste þey hy þay thay now þei wyrche and hit beþ my blody breþryn . for god bouȝthe vs alle  truþe tauȝthe me onys . to loue hem echone and helpe hem of al þing . what aftir qwat [nothing] þat hem nedyþ . Now wolde I wyte ȝif þou wystyst . what were þe beste hou And how and wherewiþ I myȝthe a-mastrye hem . and make hem to wyrche  hongA faded hong may have an even fainter concluding suspension mark for <er>, calling attention to the apprearance of hounger in the verse line. here now quod hounger . ⁊& hold hit for a wysdom bolde beggeres and bygge . þat mowe her bred by-swynke . ffor loylerarsThe marginal note, in a 16th-century hand and lightly underlined in black, may be a reference to lollers, and point to the beggeres in the preceding verse. With houndys bred and horsebred . hold vp her hertes and bayte abaue baue bayue abate batten Ba mme fede hem with bonys benes benys bones . for swellyng bollnyng bolnyg bolling bornyng of her wonbys wombe wombes belyes illegible wo[m]bys  and ȝif þe gromys gromes gomes grucche . byd hem go and swynke for And he schal soupe swetter . when he haþ hit it haþ han hit hase it hat haþ it han it haue deserued . Ac ȝif þou fynde ony freke . þat fortune haþ a-peyred with fyre oþer with falce men . fonde suche to knowe  comforte hym hem heom wiþ þy catel . for cristes loue of heuene loue hem and lene hem . for & [nothing] so so þe as þe lawe of kynde wolde . And alle alle maner of alle maner al maner suche eke al maner of [nothing] men þat þou myȝthe a-spye . þat nedy beþ or nakedRa.1.317: This and the following seven lines, which embrace the point where lines have been displaced from Passus 7 into Passus 1, are quite irregular (as can be seen in their inconsistent alliteration). This is evidence, presumably, of an attempt to rationalize the awkward juncture caused by the displaced lines. and nouȝth haue to spende . with mete ne or oþer & with mone  lat make Make Mak Bot make And make Ra.1.319: lat make here links what is Kane's 7.210 (without the final phrase of his 7.210 and all of his 7.211: i.e., "hem [fare þe betere]], | [Or with werk or with word þe while þou art here].") with the beginning of 7.212: "Make þe Frendis...." Arguably a clear instance of eye-skip that suggests the original began its lines with "lat make" and something like "bot make" (as in E) or "and make" (as in T and Ch). þe frendys þer-with þermi[d] þermyde þer mydde þer mede þer miþ . and for [nothing] so mathew vs techys Facite uobis amicos ⁊& cetera . Ra.1.320: is absent from RaUE. wolde I wolde not gryue god . +A corrector's cross, marking the end of transposed text from Passus 7, which began on fol. 5v, above. For-þy I seye as I sayde ere . by sent siȝte sith [nothing] of þese tyxtes whan alle tresoures are tryde . truþe is þe beste  now haue I told þe what truþe is . þat no tresour is betere I may no longer lette lenge lengen lende lendyn lettyn duelle duellen . now loke þe oure lord. 8. Passus secundus de visione Ȝut kneled I on my kneys . and souȝþe criȝede praide preyde hure of grace and sayde mercy madame . for marye loue of heuene  þat bare þat þe blessede barne . þat bouȝþe vs on þe rode ken me by soum crafte . to knowe þe falce . Loke on þy lyfþe half . ⁊& loke lo see seo where he standys ffall(es) ffavell boþe fals and fauel . and his feres alle manye many vnfeythfully to knowe  I loked on my lyfþe half . as þe þat lady me tauȝthe mede and was war of a womman . wonderly y-cloþed cloþide Iclothid atired . y-purfyled with pellure . þe puryste on erþe y-corouned in a coroune . þe kyng haþ no non betere Ra.2.10: A following line, Kane's 2.11, is absent from RaU. of þe puryste perreye . þat prince wered euere in red scarlet robyd . rybaynyd & ribande IRybaunt a-boute [nothing] with golde . Ther is nis no quene queyntere . þat quyk is on lyue what is þat þis womman quod I . so þus þat is þus wonderly worþily worthly wortly wondurly gentely a-tyryd  ⸫A pyramided three lobes: not visible in image. þat is mede þe mayde . þat [nothing] haþ noyed me ful ofte and lacked my lore . to lordys a-boute . In þe popys paleys sche is .Ra.2.17: The punctus is oddly located at this point. preuy as my-selue and so schulde sche not be . for wrong was hure syre  out of wrong sche wexe . to wroþerhele manye I auȝthe be hyere þan sche . for y come of betere a betere an betere . mede To-morwe worþ þe maryage mad . of mede and of falce false fauel with fayre speche . haþ forged hem to-gedere  Ra.2.22: Two Kane lines (2.24-25) which follow this are absent from RaU. favel to-morwe worþ þe mariage . y-made as I as I þe soþ as I soth I as I þe treuly er of telle þer myȝþe þou wyte ȝif þou wolt wilt will . whych þei ben alle . That longeþ to þat lordschep . þe lesse an & þe more know hem þer ȝif þou canst . and kep þe from hem alle  ȝif þou þenkest wilnest willest will wilt wolt couet to wone . with truþe in his blysse I may no lenger lette . lord I þe by-teche bekenne bytake bekepe . And become a goud man . for eny couetyse I rede al þe ryche retenaunce . þat ryneþ regniþ regnyt reignyn Regneden regned woneþ wonnys with falce  were y-bede beden bedyn bede boden bodyn bode yboden bidde byddyng to þe bredale . on boþe two sydys symony syre symonye is of-sent assent sent of asscent aftur sent sent for Isent . to sele asele ensele enseale selen selyn seele seyll þe chartres . That fals oþer & fauel . by ony fyn holdeþ and feffe mede þerwith þer wiþ þermyd þer wyt þat maydyn . in maryage for euere  þer nas halle ne hous to herberwe þe peple þat ech feld nas ful . of folke a-boute . In myddes a mounteyne . at mydmorwe tyme tide was pyȝþ vp a pauyloun . proud for þe nonys  and ten þousand tentys of tentis of teltys . tyȝth þer [nothing] forþ by-sydes of kyȝthysk[n]yȝthysRa.2.40: The <s> is superscript, and its form (?a compacted long-s) appears only here and at Ra.2.159: skynny(s). It is possibly a later addition. of cortyeres cuntre þe Contre cuntres . of comeres a-boute . For sysores for somnerys . for selleres for byggeres beggeris beggers biggeris biggers biggars Buggers byars buyers for leryd for lewyd . for laboreres for of þrepis  alle to witnesse wel . what þe wryt wolde in what maner þat mede . in mariage was feffed . To be fastnyd with fals . þe fyn is a-reryd þanne fauel fettyþ hire forþ . and to fals takeþ  in forward þat falshede . schal fynde hire for euere and sche be buxoum boun bowen bounde Boxum and Boun at his bode . his biddyng to fulfylle . At bedde and at bord . buxoum and hende and at sire symonyes wille as sire symonye wile . to segge to schewyn sewen his heste  symonye and syuyle . standes vp forþ boþe and vn-foldeþ þe vestyment feffement Ra.2.52: vestyment is unique to Ra. This may suggest that feffement, the reading in other manuscripts, was in Ra's exemplar spelled with an initial <v> and the ff was interpreted as st. . þat fals haþ makyd ymakid Imaked maked made Imakyn yformed . ☞ Thus bygynneþ þis þe þise thes þeose gome gomes goom gromes . and gretyþ gredde grede greden gredeþ gredith gradden criddyn crye crye þe chartre wel eche wyten and witnessen . þat woneþ vp-on erþe  þat I fauel haue haue feffyd feffe feff fastne . falsnesse to mede to be present in pryde . for pore or for ryche . With þe erledome of enuye . euere for euere euer for for euere more euer more to laste with al þe worschep lordsshipe of lecherye . in lengþe and in brede  with þe kyngdome of couetise . I crowne ȝou hem þaim to-gedere and alle þe vycys Ile isle ilde ill euell of vsures . and auaryce þe faste . Glotonye and gret oþis . I gyf hem to-gedere with alle þe lytes delites delices delicis likyng Ra.2.62: lytes: this may be a variant (unrecorded in MED) of the plural of the noun lith, a form to which the MED gives four distinct meanings. The most relevant one, given seygnorye of Scleuthe in the next line, would be "An estate, landed property; a household, habitation." Slightly less attractive, but still possible, might be "A slope, hill." Cf. lytȝ at 3.191. of lust . þe deuel for to serue  in al þe seygnorye of scleuþe . I sese hem to-gedere þei to haue ⁊& 9. þey to haue and & to holde . and here eyres after . With al þe portunances of purgatorye . in-to þe pyne of helle ȝeldyngeRa.2.66: The suspension mark looks to be the same form as that for er in pardon(er) 4 lines below; but its appearance after final <g> seems regularly to stand for final <e>, as in lachynge above, Ra.1.100, and blessynge below, Ra.7.93. And cf. the usual form following final <r>. for þis þing . at on ȝeres ende  here soulis to sathanas . and to synke in-to in pyne þer to wone with wrong . whilys god is in heuene . In witnesse of which þing . wrong was þe fyrste peres And piers A piers þe pardoner . paulyns douȝter doctor [nothing]  and [nothing] bette þe bydul . of bokyngham schyre randolf þe reue . of rokelond rutelondis sokne . Mundy þe mylnere . ⁊̃& many mo oþer in þe date of þe deuel . þis þe dede I is was here þai a-sele asselid aselyde asseled aseled aselet aseelid seled yseled Insealid seyll  Theologye by seyt siȝte of sire symonye . and sygnys of notories syuyl þanne tenyde hym theologie . when he þis tale hurde  The regular alternation of line-end punctuation is interrupted here: the expected . is replaced by  and sayde to syuyle . sorwe now sorewe sorow serwe on þy bokys such weddyng to worche . to werre wraþþe wrathyn wreþen wreþthe teone with truþe . And or er ar her þis weddyng be y-wrouȝþ . wo þe by-tyde for mede is muliere . of frendis mendis mendes mennis mannys frendis of frendis fendes engendryt  god graunteþ to gyue . mede to truþe and þou hast ȝif hure . to a gyloure . The tyxte telleþ not so . truþe wot þe soþe Dignus est operarius mercede mercede sua sua &c [nothing] . This Latin line regularly appears here in other manuscripts (except Wa, which omits it). Tilot inscribes it in red in the right margins, at the end of lines 2.83 and 2.85. The added line breaks between "est" and "operarius." This is a unique instance of this sort of addition/correction by Tilot. worþi is þe werkman . mede his mede his hire his hure hi huyre to haue  and þou hast fastned hure with fals . fy on þy lawes lawe for al by lesynges þou lyuest . ⁊̃& lecherouse werkes . Symonye and þi-self . schendeþ holy cherche ȝe and þe notoryes . noyȝen þe peple  ȝe schul a-byȝe boþe . by god þat me made wel ȝe wyte warnerdys . but ȝif ȝour wit fayle . That fals is is a faytour . and fals feyntles feynt feytles feythles faithles faylere of his werkes and as And as a And als a And a He is a He his He is bastard y-bore . of belsabuckes kynne kynde kende kyn kunne  and mede is is a muliere . a mayden of gode sche myȝthe kysse þe kyng . for for cosyns for cosyn ȝif sche wolde . Worcheþ by wysdoum . and by wit after Rgh ledyþ hure to londone . þer lawe is handlyd handlid yhandlit haldyng  ȝif eny leute wil loke . þey lygge to-gedere and And ȝif þe And þagh And the þei Giff ony and though ye and though and þei þe Iustyse iugyn hure . to be Ioynyd with false . ȜutRa.2.100: The initial yogh is clearly a capital here. be war of þat that þe þis youre [nothing] weddyng . for witty is treuþe for conciens is of his conseyl . ⁊̃& knoweþ ȝou echone  and ȝif he fynde ȝou in þe faute defaute . and with þe [nothing] falce holdyn hit schal be-set ȝour soulys . wel sore at þe laste . Here-to asenteþ syuyle . ac symonye nolde ne wolde it nold no wolde til he hadde syluer . for celys his selis his seale his sawes and sygnys  þanne fette fauel forþ . floures floreynes y-nowe and bad gile go gyue gold . anon al al to uche gome [nothing] aboute . And namlyche to þe notoryes . þat hem non faylede fail[e] fayle failiþ failed lacked ⁊̃& feffe fals witnesse . with floures y-nowe floreynes ynowe florens ynowe floryns ynowe floreynes feole y praye floreynes mony fele faire nobles  for he may mede a-mastrye . and make at my wille þo þis gold was y-gyue gyue gefe geuen gevyn ygyuen ȝeuen ȝouen Iȝouyn . gret was þe þankyng . To fals and to fauel . for here grete faire ȝifthes and come to comforte . fro care þe falce  and certes sayde certys seydyn to him certes sothly seide certis saide certes in same saiden for certeyn sikerly þay saiden Certes sworen on þe hoolydom þat sece cesse secyn ceese slepe . schulle we neuere tyl mede be þy wedded wyf . þorw wit of vs alle . For we haue mede a-maystryid . with oure merye speche þat Þat he[o] þat hee þat he þat sche þat sho And that shs þan he graunteþ to go . with a good wylle  to londone and to loke . ȝif þat þe þat at þe þe [nothing] lawe wolde Iugen ȝou ioyntlyche . in lawe in ioye with Ioye to be Ioyned for euere . Thanne was falce fayn . and fauel as blyþe and let somone alle þe seggis . in scheres a-boute and alle beþ bon boun bounde bolde bonde men . beggeres and oþre to wende with hem to westmynystre . to witnesse þis dede . Thanne caryd þey for capelys . to caryyn hem þeder þanne fette fauel folys . þer-of of þe beste  sette mede on a chyrreueRa.2.126: The original chyrreue, or possibly thyrreue, is altered in a darker ink, by a later hand which overwrites a long <s> over <c> and <v> over . . y-schod shod schoȝed Ischood rode shodde al newe and fals on sat on a sysour . þat soflysof[t]lyRa.2.127: What may appear at first glance to be a superscript <t> is simply the overlapping strokes of the descender from <y> above and the ascender of <l> on this line. The missing <t> is not noted in Kane. trotted . And fauel vp a vpon apon on vppon a vp on a on a fayre speche . fetysly fe[int]liche Feyntliche fayntely ful feyntly quentyliche quentely sotely fetelych fastlyche fetisliche fetosly ful fetisly atyryd 10. þo hadde notorijsRa.2.129: Both the and <j> are dotted with a <v>-shaped mark. none  anoyȝed þey were  and Þat And eke þat [nothing] symonye and syuyle . schulde on here fet gange þan seyde said swor swore sware syuyle . and swore seide syde by þe rode . That somnores schulde be sadlyd . and seruyn hem echone and let hem parayle apparaille apparaylen apparaylyn aparelyn þe þise þis þese these þes [nothing] prouysoures . in palfray wyse  sire symonye hym-self . schal syttyn on here backes and alle þe denys and subdenys . as destreres hem dyȝthe . For þei schulle bere þese bisschopys . and brynge hem at her [nothing] reste paulyuspauly[n]us peple . for pleyntes in constorye  schulle serue ..mynRa.2.138: myn appears to be over an erasure/scraping; note extra-wide blank following it. -self . þat seuyle hatte and lat sadle þe cartesadil þe And cartsadyl our comysarye . oure cart schal he drawe . And fette in fette forth fetten fettyn fet fecche fethem shall fett setten oure vytaylys . of fornicatoures and makyn of here lyere lier lyȝere liȝere liars leyers Ra.2.141: here, unique to Ra, could easily have been misread from liere, the reading of other manuscripts. J, however, has hem. a long cart . to lede al þis oþere  as folys foolys fobbars Fabulers fals flaterers Freres fo[bb]is and faytoures . þat on here fet rennys iotten Iotton trotten rennen rennyn renneth rennes rynnen ganges [line missing] Ra.2.142: Kane's following line (2.145) is not present in Ra. and mede þe maydyn in þe myddis in myddys Ra.2.143: maydyn is unique to Ra here, though it is commonly collocated with mede elsewhere. This is consistent with the omission of K.2.145, since there is no mention in Ra of Fals & fauel for Mede to be in þe myddis of. . and al þe mayne after . I haue no tyme tom tome tome (altered to tonge) toom tong tunge while to telle . þe tayl þat hem folwyd of meny maner men of men of man man . þat on þis molde lybbys  ac gyle was foregoere . and gredde gyede gyed gied gyded gydys bygyed gilede begylith grayed hem alle soþnesse seþ seiȜ seyȜe seye sey see say sawȝ sauh seiþ hem wel . and seyþ seide sayde [nothing] but lytyl . But prikede forþ on his palfray . and pasede hem alle and cam come comm to þe kynges curt . and conciense tolde  and concyense to þe kyng . carpede carpide it carpid hit it carpyd & told it after by crist quod þe king . and I myȝthe chacche I miȝte cacche y myghtte caicche I kacche mythe I hym cache myght kacche mowe I I hem caut may I mowe cacchyn here . Fals oþer fauel .Ra.2.152: Syntax (not always an infallible guide in this manuscript) suggests that this punctus is the proper one, even though it may appear to be an otiose continuation of the bottom stroke of <l>; the second punctus, after oþer, is incorrectly placed. oþer . eny of his ferys I wolde be-wreke me be wroken of þo þise þise (altered to þo) thyse þis þes þoys þe wrecchis . þat wrouȝthyn werchen werchyn werkyn worchen worche wyrkyn worcheth hem so ylle  and don hem hange by þe hals . and alle þat hem manteynyþ schal neuere man on of vppon þis molde . meynpryseRa.2.155: An <e> is inserted between <m> and <y> (and overwrites the third minim of the <m>); this makes the <m> appear like an <n> (as reported in Kane's variants). þe beste leste . But ryȝþ as þe lawe lokeþ . lat falle on hem alle and comandyþ a constable . he þat that to come at þe fyrste  to take atache takyn cache cachen þe þis þes þese these þo [nothing] tyrauntes . for eny tresour y-hote feteryþ falsnysse faste . for eny skynnysThe form of this superscript <s> is the same as that at Ra.2.40, above. ȝyftys . And gaderyþ gederiþ gedereþ gadereth gerde gurde gurdeþ gyrde gyrd gyrdith gerdit ge[rd]iþ of gylis hed . lat hym go no ferþer and bryngeþ mede forþ to me . maugre hem alle  symonye and seuyle . I sende hem to warde warne seye þat holy chyrche for hem . worþ harmed for euere . lyereThe last letter is blotted/erased. And ȝif ȝe lacche lyereRa.2.164: There is a later underlining in black of lyere here, presumably by the supplier of the marginalia. . lat hym nauȝth a-schape ere he he be he beo Ra.2.165: be is uniquely absent here in Ra: this could easily be the result of eyeskip because be and he look similar. put on þe pylory . for eny tresour preyour thyng I-hote  drede at þe dore stant stood . and þat dome herde and wyȝþlyche wente . to warne þe falce . And bad hem hym þaim Ra.2.168: RaU have hem [hym elsewhere], taking falce as a collective noun, not an individual personification. Cf. þaim in E, which uniquely has felshed instead of þe false at the end of the previous line. fle for fere . and his feres alle ☞ ffallsnis ffly eth to the ffrey ers ⁊& gyll to marchanttesA pointing finger followed by four lines of secretary hand. There is a black line above the first line, continuing from the pointing finger; and the last line is underlined in black. þo Þanne þenne And þanne falsnesse for fere . fley to þe freres  and gyle doþ hym to go . a-gast for to deye ac marchauntes mette with hym . and made hym a-byde . Be-schette hym in here schoppes . þe pepleRa.2.172: The faulty alliteration suggests that Ra may have collapsed two lines into one. Knott-Fowler (and Kane, with slight spelling variants) reads: Besshette hym in here shoppis to shewen here ware, Aparailide hym as a prentice the peple to serve. The repeated to s probably occasioned an eye-skip. to serue lyȝþlyche lyere . lepte lep lepyd wente a-way þennys  lurkande þorw lanys . to be logged toluggid lodly tologged luggyd logged to be luged to lyen [nothing] of manye he was nowher welcome . for his many talys .Ra.2.175: There is a blank line following Ra.2.175. This is a unique occurrence in Ra. lyeres fferd to pardonares Ouer-al y-honted . and I-hote trusse til pardoneres hadde pite . and pulled hym to house  waschede Wysshen wisshe wyschyn (struck through, weschen above weschen Weischen whuschen wosschen washe Weschid Waschid wyssin Þai weshyd hym and wyped hym . and wounde hym in cloþes . and sente hym on sondayes . with selys to cherche . And ȝaf pardoun for pens . pound-mele a-boute þanne louredeRa.2.181: The following three words are underlined in black by a later hand, most likely Hand 3, who is responsible for the underlined marginalia on this, and nearby, folios. lechys . and letteres þo he þey þai him hym to him for him be ben [nothing] [hy] sente  for to wone with hem . wateres to loke spysourys spak with hem wiþ h[i]m wiþ hym to hym to þaim faste him with for wiþ him feyre . to a-spye her ware . For he coude on her crafte . and knoweþ kneuȝ knewȝ knew knewe kneow know knowith couþe many gummys Menstralys and messageres . mette with hym onys  and withheld hym half half a an half on half with hem wit hem ȝerRa.2.186: The upper extension of the <r> appears to have been scraped lightly, to remove a superscript <e>. . and enleue dayes . freres with fayre speche . fetten hym þennys . For For knowing For knawyng For knoweris Fro knowing of comeres . copyd hym as a frere ac he haþ leue to lepe in and [nothing] out . as ofte as hym lykyþ  and ys wel-come when he wol wile wele wole cometh comyth cummys . and woneþ with hem ofthe alle fleddyn for fere . and flowyn in-to hernys . 11. S Saue me Saue mede þe mayden . no mo dorste a-byde ac treuly for to to I telle . sche tremelyd for drede fere feare ferde  and eke wep and wrong . when sche was a-tached . Passus tercius de visione . n Now is mede þe mayde . name no mo & na ma no mo na mo nomen homme Inomen Inomen & no mo of hem alle And [nothing] with bedelys and baylifys . brouȝth brouȝt & brouȝt brout ybrouȝt ybrougȝ ybrought ybroghte brohut to þe king  þe king called calliþ calleþ callitȝ calllyd callide cald callid in clepet a clerk . I can not his name to take mede þe mayde . and make hure at ese . I wolde wile wole wul schal sal a-saye hure my-self . and soþly a-vise apose aposen opose here apose hyre appose hir appose appoyse what man of þis molde world worlde werld . þat hure were leuyst  and ȝif sche wyrke werche worche wurche wirche [out] by wyt . and my wil folwe I wil for-gyf hure þe gylt . so me god helpe . Curteysly þe clerk þan . as þe king hyȝþe tok mede by þe myddel . and brouȝthe hure to chaumbere  and Ac Bot þan [nothing] þer was merþe and mynstrasye mynstrecye mynstralcie mistralsy menstralcy Munstralsye mynstrales . mede to plese / med ys worshy pyd at weste mynstre and þo þat Þat That Þo þat þei þat Heo þat And þai þat wone at westmenstre . worschepyn hure alle . Gentely with Ioye . þe Iustyse Iustices iustyses Iustice is Ra.3.13: The black underlining is by a later hand. to sompne somme some summe to sowpen sone soone sonne sone come wel soone busked hym hem heom to þe bour . þer þe berthe burde Buyrde byrde bierde birde berde beorde duellyþ  comnfortythcomfortythRa.3.15: The macron is placed above the <o>, and the scribe perhaps first transcribed the macron in his exemplar as an <n>, realized the mistake, and inserted the macron. There is a very faint dot beneath the <n> and it may be a faded subpunction. hure kyndely . by clergyes leue and sayde murne not mede . ne make þou no sorwe Ra.3.16: The punctus elevatus is blotted, in perhaps a sloppy attempt at correction by the scribe, since a punctus would normally be his normal punctuation here. For we wil wisse þe kyng . and þi wey make [shape] schape schapen schapyn maken makyn for al concienses cast . and craft as I trowe  myldelyche mede þan . mercyed hem alle of here gret goudnesse . andRa.3.20: gaf is uniquely absent from Ra here. hem echone . Coupys and of clene gold . and pecys of syluer rynges with rubeys . and rychesses manye  þe leste man of here mayne . a motoun of golde þan lauȝthe þei leue . þes lordes at mede . with þat come clerkes . to comforte hure þanne thanne þe same eken and bode bidden biddyn beden bedyn bodyn bad biddeþ hure be blyþe . for we beþ þyn owyn  for to wyrche þy wylle . whyl oure þi lyf lasteþ hendelyche sche þanne sche þen ('þen' cancelled) þanne heo than she Mede . behyȝþ hem þe same . To loue ȝou hem heom þaim lelley Ra.3.29: lelle is altered by the original scribe to lelly–or vice versa. . and lordys ȝou hem to make and in constorye at þe at the at in & in court . calle ȝoure ȝour here her heore har þair my names  þer [nothing] schal no lewednysse hem hym you [nothing] lette . þe lede þat I louie þat he ne worþ furste a-vaunsed . for I am be-knowe . Ther counynge clerkes . schul clocke be-hynde þan cam com comeþ comyt þer a confessour . y-copyd as a frere  to mede þe mayde . meklyche he lowtede and seyde wel softly . a in schryft as hit were . They lered and lawedl[e]wed . hadde loyn leiȝe leyȝen leyen leyn leyne leye ly lyen loy Ra.3.37: The <n> is written over what appears to be an erased <m>. by þe walle ichone echone ilkane alle boþe and þei falsnesse falshed Fals falnesse hadde y-folwed .Ra.3.38: There are in fact three punctus toward the middle of this line: one here; another connected to the upstroke of the <e> of the following þe (which is probably the logical place for the mid-line caesura); and a third before the number xj. þe . þis . xjelleuene fiftene fyueten four score wynter  I schal a-soyle þe my-self . for a sem sem of somme of summe of whete and eke be þi bawdekyn . and bere wel þin arnde A-mong clerkes and knyȝthis . conciensceconciense to felle þan mede for hure mysdedes . to þe þat man knelyd  and schrof of hire of her schrewedenesse . schameles I trowe . tolde hym a tokne tale tale þer . and tok hym a noble . For to be hure bedman . and hure baude after þan he a-soyled hure sone . and swyþe siþen sythn syþyn siþe siþ sethen seþin [nothing] he sayde  we haue a wyndoweRa.3.47: The top of <n> is broken/washed out by a brown stain/blot. at in of on wyrchyng . wil stonde vusv[s] hyȝe wel heiȝe woldest þou glase þe gable . and graue þer þy name . Sikyr schulde þy soule be . hefne to haue wiste I I þat qwaþ þe womman . þer is no nis ne is nes no nis nouþur wyndowe ne auter  þat I ne schuld make ⁊̃& or oþur amende mende make . and my name wryte þat ech segge schal se . I am suster of ȝour house . And Ac Bot As god alle gode folke such grauyng . defendeþ ⁊& seyþRa.3.53: Note line division: the appearance of & seyþ at the end of this line is shared by RaU. Ra.3.53: The red marks at end of last thorn appear to be offset from the red capital across the page, line 85. Also, the medial punctus is unusually placed in this line: one might expect it after folke. Finally, RaU uniquely divide this line from the next after ⁊& seyþ Nesciat sinistra quid faciat dextera . let nouȝt þy lyȝtftRa.3.55: The <f> is written over what appears to be an original <t>: an <f> in the exemplar may have been interpreted as a <ȝ>, i.e., <lyȝt>, and quickly corrected (before beginning the next word, but leaving the <ȝ> unexpunged. The spelling is unique to Ra. half hond hand . late ne raþeRa.3.55: There appears to be a change of scribal stint, marked by the lighter ink, beginning at the start of this line; it continues for the first eight-and-a-half lines of the next page. wite Be war Ben war Ben wel I war wytyn wete what þy rythalfryt half riȝt hond Ra.3.56: half appears here in RaUJ–but not in AN, as was the case in the previous line. . worchyt or delyþ . And Ac Bote [nothing] so pryuylyche parte hit . þat pride be not seye Neyþer in syth ne in in þi soule . for god hym-self knoweþ  who is curteys or kynde . or co Ra.3.59: This appears to be an uncorrected error: co anticipates the first two letters of the next word. coueytes or ellys for-þi I rede lere lerne ȝou lordes . such wrytynges leuyþ leuiþ such wrytyng such writynge ȝe leue swych wrytyng to leuen swyche writyng to lete suche lernyngus to leue . 12. To wryte in wyndowys . of ȝour wel dedys or Oþer Oþyr to gredyn after godys men . when ȝe ȝeyue dolys . an auntere ȝe haue ȝour hyre . þer of ȝoure gode here hire rith hire resceyued [nothing] for oure saueour seyde it seide says it seiþ it seth seiþ . and hym-self preched .Ra.3.64: Kane's line 64a (= Matt. 6:2) is absent, uniquely, from Ra following this line. Meyrys and maysteres maceris macerys macers masers mercers maistris Maystres maysters masters . ȝe hij þei & thay and ȝe hem [nothing] þat beþ mene by-twytheRa.3.66: by-twythe appears at the end of the previous line in other manuscripts. þe king ⁊̃& þe common . to kepe þe lawes  as as to to For punschin on pylorijs . and on pynnyng-stolys breweres bakeres & bakeris & bowchers & brewers & breusters . bocheres and kokys . For þes are men on of þise on þis in þis vppon molde .Ra.3.69: There appears to be a change of stint here, marked by the use of darker ink at this point. þat most harme werkyn to þis þe þeo [nothing] pore puple . þat parcel-mele beggen biggen biggyn bigge buggen Beggyn biggeth abyggen abuggen sare abysse . for þey poysone þe puple . pryuyly wel ofte and rechyn þorw regratyng regratrie regratie Regatorie regatris regratrie regratoures Regalrye . and rentes hem buggen biggen byggyn bygge beggyn byen buggeþ byes . Of þat þe pore puple . schulde pote in her wombes wombe wambe for ne For For no (with <no> cancelled) [nothing] tok he h[y] þei þai thay on-trewely . he h[y] þei þai thay Ra.3.74: Both forms of he in this line appear in RaJTChH2 [for hy or þei elsewhere]. Ma agrees with Ra in the first instance, but not in the second. tymbred not so hye  ne bouȝþe none bargayns burgages burgace burges borgates . be þou ȝe wel certeyne and Ac Bote mede þe mayden . þe meyr sche be-sowȝthe . Of Or Oþer As alle suche selleres . syluer to take of presentes with-oute pens . as peces of syluer  ryng Rynges Rynggys Or rynges or oþer rychesses richesse riches richeȝ Rubyes . þes regrateres to meyntene for my loue quod þat lady . loue hem ychone . And suffre hem to selle . sumdel a-geyn resoun salomon þe sage . a sermoun he made  to For to For a-mende meyres . and men þat kepe þe lawes and tok hem hym heom þaim þis teme . þat I telle thinke . Ignis deuorabit tabernacula eorum . qui libenter accipiunt munera . A-mong þese lettered men lordis lordyes . þis latyn a-mounthyþ  þat fyre schal falle . and for-brenne at þe laste þe hous and þe homes home hoomes hame . of men hem þem þaim hym þat desyren . To haue ȝiftes of here seruises [or ȝerisȝiuys] or ȝerisȝeuys or ȝeresȝeftes or ȝeriuys & ȝerius or presentes or mede amysse wrangwysly for here seruice for here seruyses [nothing] . in ȝouþe or in elde þe king for his fro þo fro fro þe from þe fro his & his counseyl . calde com & callide com & callid com & called cam & callyd com ... and cleped com & cryed & called after mede  and of-sente hire swyþe . with as swiþe aswiþe als swithe swythe with a sergaunt þe [nothing] seriauntes hire fetteRa.3.92: There is odd line-division here in RaU: fette (or variant) concludes the previous line in all the other A MSS. and brouȝþe hire to boure . with blysse and with Ioye . Nota ☞ Curtaysly þe king . comseþ to telle to mede þe mnaydenRa.3.94: A double minim (<n> or ) following the initial <m> has been transformed into an <a>., perhaps by the main scribe. . melus þese wordes Ra.3.94: The first two lines on this page are darker and larger; there is a change of pen/stint at the third line. Won-wyttyly Vnwisly vnwittily Vnwittily ywys On witly I wis Ful wyckedely Iwis [woman] vnwitly womman womman vnwittely Vnwyttily þu mede Vnwittily mayde Certis unwysely Qweynteliche quaþ þe kyng wrouȝþ . hast þou wel [nothing] wol full right many tyme and ofte And Ac Bot worse wrouȝþest þou neuere . þan þo þou fals toke . But Ac But ȝit And [nothing] I for-gyue þe þat þe þis þy in þi gylt . and graunte þe þe my [nothing] grace hennys to þy deþday . do þou so no more  I haue a knyȝt hyȝþ conciens . come late fro by-ȝonde ȝif he wil wilneþ wilne wylleþ willyth will wele wol will wedd ȝerne þe to wyue . wilt þou hym haue . Ȝe lord quod þat lady . lord for-bede ellys . but I be holly at ȝour heste . honge me ellys . þan was conciens cald . and cam to to comen & a-peyren aperen Apere apeeren appeire apsperyn by-fore þe king and his counseyl . clerkes and oþere . Knelyng concyens . to þe king louted what What þat What at to wyte what To heryn what & askyd qwat his wille were ⁊̃& . what he don schulde  wil wilt Will wolt þou wedde þis womman . ȝif I wil a-sente for sche is fayn of þi felaschep . for to be þy make . Qwaþ conciens to þe king . crist hit me for-bede ere I wedde such a wyf . wo me be-tyde  sche is frethil freel frel frele freil freyle frayle frely fals of hure fleys feiþ feth fait Flesch fleische flexe . fykel of hure speche sche makeþ men mysdo . manye skore tymes . In trust of hure tresour . sche tenyþ wel manye wyues and wedues . wantonnesse techeþ  lered hem lecherye . þat louedyn louiþ loueþ louet louen loue lufys louiden loueden loued hure ȝiftes ȝour fader sche felde . þorþþor[ȝ] falce be-hestes behest . Poysonede Apoisonide Enpoiseneth heo poiseneþ Sche hath poysynhyd popys . a-peyred holy chirche Is nouȝt a beter baude . by hym þat me made  by-twen helle and heuene heuene & helle . ⁊erþe& erþe þeyȝ men souȝþe sche is tykel of hure tayl . talle-wys of hure tounge As comoun as þe cartway . to knaue and to monke to alle to monkes al other othir to menstralis monkis monke Preostes and to & to meselys mynstrelis messangeris . many tyme to myselis in hegges . Sysoures and soumneres . suche men hire preyse preisiþ preiseþ preysit preysen praysen praysyne priuseth prasys proresid schirreues and of schyres were schent . ȝif sche ne were . 13. Sche doþ men lesyn here lond . and here lyf boþe and ~~...?...~~ letyyȝ letiþ lettyt let lateþ lat lettes passe þe [nothing] prysoneresRa.3.126: letyyȝ passe þe pr is written over an erasure. . and preyeþ paieþ payet payȝeth pays for hem ofthe  and gyf þe gayloures gold . and grotes to-gederes And To For to vnfetereþ þe falce . to [nothing] and fle wher hym luste lykiþ . He Heo Sche And takeþ truþe þe trewe þe treowe þe true þe trwþe by þe top . and [nothing] teyȝeþ hym faste and hangeþ hym for hatered . þat harmed neuere  to be cursed in constorye . he heo sche sho [nothing] counteþ nouȝth a ryssche for he heo sche sho copyþ þe comyssarye . and cloþeþ cotiþ Coteþ cotid cloþiþ cloþes cloyth his clerkes . Sche is a-soyled as sone . as hure-self lykyþ sche may ney as moche don . in a monþe onys  as ȝour secret seel . in seuene score dayes sche is priuey with þe pope . proueysoures hit knoweþ . Sire symonye and hure-self . seleþ here þe heore þair hem here alle þe bulles sche blesseþ þus þise þies þese þes þees þeo þe bischopys . þey þat ȝif ȝef (?þef) þif þeigh þagh though þeigh þat þough þat þo þat þere þat of all he þei þai thay þ1 [nothing] Ra.3.138: The caret mark is placed before be, though the actual addition is in the space above the <e> of be. be lewde  prouendres parsones and prestes .Ra.3.139: The medial punctus should properly precede and prestes. sche manteyneþ to holdeRa.3.139: to holde is apparently misplaced from the beginning of the next line, as is usual in other manuscripts. lemmanys and lotebijsRa.3.140: Both and <j> are dotted with a light, curving mark. . al here lyf- dawes dayes dawys . And brynge forþ barnes . a-ȝen forbode lawes þer sche is is wel dwellys with þe king . wo is þe rewme  for sche is fauourable and to þe [nothing] fals . and fouleþ truþe ofte barounes and burgeyses burgeis bachelers . sche bryngeþ to in sorwe . By Iesu with hire Iewelys . ȝour Iustyces Iustice sche schendeþ and leyþ a-ȝens þe lawe . and lefteþ lettiþ lettyt lettes hem ofte þe treuþe treuthe ofte hem oftyn hem euere him eure hym þe gate so faste it so fast  þat feyþ may not haue his forþ . his hire hir here her þe [nothing] h[ure] floreyns goþ so thicke sche ledeþ let Ledyt ledith hase (<as> cancelled) lawe as hure lust . and louedayes makeþ . The mase for a mene man . þow þeiȝ þey þouȝ þowȝ þoghe ȝof þauȝ þagh if he mote euere lawe is so lordly . and loþ to maken ende  with-oute presentes or pens . he pleseþ wel fewe .clergieRa.3.152: The <c> is written over an erasure. and couetyse . coupleþ hem heo coupliþ sche coupleth heo coupleth sche couplet sche cowpellith sche copleþ þai coupyll he coupliþ he compliþ sche compellit Ra.3.152: Ra, uniquely, omits heo before coupleþ and, also uniquely, inserts hem after it. to-gederes This is þe lif of þat lady . oure now now our [nothing] lord ȝif hure sorwe and al þat manteyne hure men . myschauns hem by-tide  for pore men men mowe men mown men may mowe may [nothing] men now haue no power . to pleyne þey [þeiȝ] þouȝ þof þauȝ þagh hem þeiȝe ȝif ȝef hem nede hem smerte hem smert hem smarte þei smerte þai smert him smert þey sterue him scholde schuche Such Siche Swiche Swilke Shche a mayster is mede . among men of gode . Than murnede mede . ⁊& pleyned menide menyd Menede mened mevyd mowed pleynyd pleynede plenyd hure to the kyng . to haue space and to forto speche speke speken speykyn [nothing] . spede ȝif sche myȝthe . þe kyng graunted hure grace . with a goud wille excuse þe ȝif þou canst . I can no more segge seiȝe seye sey say seyn sayne sigge siggyn . For conciens accuseþ þe . to conge þe for euere nay lord qwatRa.3.162: A unique spelling of the word with a final <t> in this manuscript. þat lady . leue hym þe werse  whan ȝe wyte wyterly . wher þe wrong lyggeþ þer þat myschef is gret . mede may helpe . And þou knowyst concyens . I coamRa.3.165: com changed to cam apparently by the main scribe. nouȝt to chyde for to Ne to No to Ne dispyce depraue deprauyn dampne disprayse þy persone . wyth a proud herte wel þou wost conciens . but but ȝif but ȝef þou woldest lye þou hast hangen hongid honged hangyd hanged hongen hangyn on myn half . elleuene tyme tymes . And grepyn my gold . and gyuen hit wher þe lykyþ why þou wratthest þe now . wonder me thynkyþ  ȝit I may as I myȝthe . mylde menske manschippyn auaunce þe with ȝiftes and mainteyneRa.3.172: The is dotted with the light, curved form usually employed in the Latin texts. þy manhode . more þanRa.3.172: The superscript insertion was probably required when the scribe's eye conflated the two similar forms: þan and þou. þou knowest AndRa.3.173: There is a change of stint with this line: the letter size and pen width appears to change. þou hast famed me foule . by-fore þe king here for kylled I neuere no kingRa.3.174: The before <n> is dotted. . ne counseyled þer-after  ne dede as þou dost demist demys dust didest . I do hit on þe king in normandye was he .Ra.3.176: The punctus should more properly follow nouȝt. nouȝt noyȝed anoyed anoȝede anuyȝed noied noyede nuyed agreuyd for me my sake . And Ac Bot þou þy-self sykerly soþly suthly . schamed asshamidest ashamyd aschamed schamedyst schamedest aschamyst þou schamedyst schomesdest conseiledest hym ofte crepe in-to a cabanne . for colde of þy naylys  wenest þou Wendist þou wendest And wedest For þ þat wynter . wolde wolde han wolde haue wald haue wolde ... hue lasten euere and dreddest to be ded . for a dym knowde cloud colde k[l]owdeRa.3.180: The correction (of Ra's hapax) to klowde seems reasonable. Though unattested in MED, the spelling kloude is, according to the OED found in Rolle's Psalter, verse 5 of Psalm 147, and in the accompanying commentary. And hastest hastidest hastedest hastedyst hastide hasted hast þe homward . for hunger of þy wombe withoute pyte þou [nothing] þan pelour . pore men þou robbedest  and bore out bar here bere heore beere heor bras on þi bak . to caleys to selle and Þere I lafte at home [nothing] with my lord . his lyf for to saue . And made hym merþes merþe myrthe mirthes mychel myrthe muche murthe murþe ful muche wiþ myrþe with my myrthe mery merie merie men . fro morwen til eue mournyng to leue þair murnyng to leue his mornyng to leue I And [nothing] batred hym on þe bak . boldede his herte  dede hym hoppe for hope . to haue haue me han at his [nothing] here wille had I be marchal of his menRa.3.188: The middle minim of <m> is overwritten in dark ink. . by marie loue marie maries loue of heuene . 14. I dorste haue leyde my lyf . and no lasse wedde he schoulde haue be a lord in lord of lord of al þat lond . in lengþe and in brede  and eke king of þat lytȝ kiþ cuþþe ketthe cuntrey Ra.3.191: Cf. lytes, at 2.62 above. . his kyn for to helpe þe leste barn brol brothel Baron braunche of his blode . a baronys pere . Cowardlyche þou conciens . þou [nothing] counseyledest hym þennes to leuyn his worschep lordsshipe . for a lytel syluer  þat is þe rycheste of rewmys reaume . þat regnes reyn rayn regniþ regneþ reigneth regnet rengnit is ouer-houes hit by-come a king . þat kepeþ a rewme . To ȝeue his men mede . þat manlyche mekly meokely menskly hym seruen bThe marginal and <a> in the gutter are not visible in the supplied image. A (?later) corrector has marked the next 2 lines for transposition, with curving, and crossing, red lines in the margin. mede makeþ hym y-loued be louid be loued to be loued biloued to be louid beo bilouet beo loued [nothing] . and for a man lholdenRa.3.198: A stroke appears to have been added to turn original <l> into <h>; it overlaps with <o>. It is not obviously a normal instance of biting. a to alienys . to alle men . to honoure hure hem heom him [nothing] h[em] with ȝiftes  emperoures erlys & Erlis . and alle maner of maner other lordes . Thurȝ ȝiftes haue ȝonge men . to renne ȝerne rennen rennyn and to ryde þe pope with his prelates . ȝifthis presentis presandes vnderfongen  and medyþ men hym-self . to meynten hure lawesRa.3.203: In the right margin there is some bleed-through from the verso of the folio: the Amen at the beginning of 3.235 below. seruauntes for here seruise . we sen wel þe soþe Take mede of here maystres . as þei mown a-corde beggeres for here byddyng . byddeþ me of men men me[n] mede  menstrales for here merþe . mede þei axin . þe king haþ mede of his men . to make pes in londes . Men þat ben kenne kennyn ken techyn kunnynge knoweþ byn clerkes . mede of hym crauytȝ crauen of hem mede prestes þat prechin . þe peple to gode  Axin mede of & And eke [nothing] masse pens .Ra.3.211: This is a light, or faded, punctus. and here mete alse Alle kinde Alle kyn alkyn Alle kynne Alle kunne Alle kende Alle kinnes alkens & alle kyn Of alle kyn & alle manere Alle maner [nothing] crafty men . craue mede for here prentys  Mede and marchaundise . mot nede com go gon goon mete metyn holde [nothing] to-gedere no wyt wiȝt wiȝth whyte man as I wene . with-oute mede myȝþe lybbe  qwaþ þe king to conciens . be crist as me þinkyþ mede is worþi . þe maystrye to haue . Nay quod conciens to þe king . and knelyd to þe erthe þere arn two to too twey maner of medes . my lord by ȝour leue  þat on god of his grace . geuyþ in his blysse to hem þat worchen wel . whiles þei ben here . The prophete precheþ hit . and put hit in þe sawter Qui peccuniam suam non dedit ad vsuram . tak no mede my lord . of men þat beþ trewe loue hym and lene hem . cforRa.3.224: <f> written over <c> (or <t>). our lordes loue of heuene . Godes mede and his mercy . þer-with myȝth þou wynne þer is a mede mesureles . þat maysteres desyren  to menteyne mysdoeres . mede þei takyn and þer-of seyþ þe sauter . in a psalmes ende . In quorum manibus iniquitates sunt . dextra eorum re.repletaRa.3.229: The suspension is not noted by Kane. est munermuner[ibus] Ra.3.229: The citation ends without the final <ibus>, another detail not reported by Kane. And he þat grypytȝ oure here her heore þe siche suche [nothing] gyftensRa.3.230: The final letter is an awkward conversion, from a double minim (<n> or ) to a sigma <s>. It is arguably the main scribe's work. . so me god helpe  schal a-bye ful it it full hit wel wel wol [nothing] bytterly . or þe boke lyes prestes and parsones . þat plesynges desyrenRa.3.232: The first stroke of <n> appears to have begun as a sigma <s>: cf. E. . mede off the molde To Þat And Or Schal [nothing] take mede and mone . for messes þat þei synge schal han þe [nothing] here that (late corrector) mede of þe on þis in þis of þis molde . þat mathew haþ graunted  Amen amnam[e]n . reciperunt mercedem suam . ThaþTha[t]Ra.3.236: Thaþ appears here uniquely for That in Ra. Ra.3.236: There appears to be a new scribal stint beginning with this line. laboreres and lond louȝ louh low lewed lewid lewd folk . takeþ of here maystres hit is Is Nis hit nis no maner of mede . but a mesurable hyre  in marchaundie is no mede . I may hit wel a-vowe hit is a permutacioun a-pertly . a peneworþ for a-nother . Ac reddest þou neuere regum . þou recreyede mede how Why Qwy þe vengauns fel on saul . and on al on eke on [nothing] his chyldryn  god sente hym to seye . by samueles mouþe þat agas agag agagye agax achaz and of for amelek . and al his puple after . Schulde deye for a dede . þat don hadde his here her eldren a-ȝens israle and aaron . and moyses his broþer  samuel seyde to saul . god sendeþ þe and hoteþ to be buxoum and bold boun bone bownde boner [nothing] . his byddyng to fulfylle . wend þeder with þin ost . wymman to kylle children and chorles . schep choppe chop chope chopen schap dryue hem to deye deþe dede þe deþ  loke þou kylle þe king . coueyte not his godes for eny milyouns of mone . morþere hem ychone . Barnes and bestes . brene hem to deþe 15. and for he kylde nouȝt þe king . as crist hym bad bode sente boþe sente self hihte self send selue bad bode sende  coueyted here catel . kylde nouȝt here bestes but brouȝthe with hem hym [nothing] þe bestes . as þe bylle bible bibille tolde [telliþ] tellith tellit telleþ tellys techiþ hym tolde . God seyde to samuel . þat saul schulde deye and al his sed for þat synne . schenfullyche ende  suych a myschef mede . made þe king to haue þat god hated þe king him þat king for euere . and alle his eyres after . Thou[e] Þe culorum of þis þis cas þis clause þis terme Ra.3.260: The absence of cas here probably means the . should properly follow þis rather than kepe. kepe . I not to schewe en An On O In And an And aunter ȝif hit it þat it if I noyed me . ende non ende non eynde nane ende now ende now an ende nygh an ende and ende and ende non hende amende wil I make . in I yf [nothing] conciens knowe I þis . for resoun kynde kuynde kende hit me wit me me hase it tauȝthe þat resoun schal regne . and rewmes gouerne . And ryȝth as agas agag agagx hadde hap . men schuld se sum-tyme happe shal somme happe sum schulden haue hap men schul se some tyme hap for hise grett synne rygth so schal synne samuel schal scle hym . and saul schal be blamed  And dauid schal be dyademyd .Ra.3.266: The punctus is rather faded. and daunten hem alle and o . cristene king . kepe vs alle ichone echone vchone ilkane . Schal no more mede . be mayster on erthe but loue and lownesse . and lewte to-gederes  and who-so trespaseþ trewlyche to treuþe to trouþe treuþe aȝeyne trewthe . and or takeþ a-gaynes ryȝth aȝeyn his wille ony þyng to þe wrong aȝeyn him his wikke [nothing] lewte schal don hym lawe . and lese his no lyf ellys  Schal no seruaunt seriaunt seriauntȝ for his þat here seruise . were no a þe [nothing] sylk gowne houue houfe howe owue houys ne no ray robe . with ryche pelure  mede of mysdoeres . makeþ hem so ryche þat lawe is lord woxin . and lewte is pore . ...rowgh Concyens .uche loue Shall that ..t lardes .albe a labororThis Secretary hand seen previously has glossed the last three lines of the passus (and heading of next passus) with 7 lines of script, not all of which can be seen because of the tight binding. Its approximate transcription is given here. wykkednysse Vnkyndenesse is commaundour . and kyndenysse is bansched and Ac Bot kynde wit schal come ȝit . and conciens to-gedere  and make of lawe a loburer . schuche lawe loue luve l[ou]e schal a-reyse . Passus ~~......~~quartusRa.4.0: quartus over scraping/erasure de visione . s Sessyþ now [nothing] seyde þe king . I suffre ȝou no lengere ȝe schul sawtlyn sauȝte sauȝten saghten sawtyn sauȝtene saȝtene saughtle saghtlyn saghtyll sautalyn acorde for soþe . and serue me boþe  cus Kisse kys dusse kesse hirreh[u]re quod þe king . conciens I hote nay by god Crist quod conciens . conge raþere me raþere . But resoun rede me þer-tille þerto . arst [raþer] rather leuere erst first wil I deye and I commaunde comaunde þe quod þe king . to conciens þanne  rap þe to ryden . and resoun resoun þat resoun to þou fecche commande hym þat he come . my counseyle to here . ForheFor heRa.4.9: The scribe appears to have squeezed in the small <e> into the space after <h>. schal rewle my rewme . and rede me þe beste of mede and of mo oþere . what man schal hure wedde  and counte with conciens þe consience . so me god Crist helpe how þou leryst þe peple . lered and lewed þe lerid & þe lewid the lettred & the lewed . I am fayn of þat forward . seytȝ þe feytȝ þe frek consciens Ra.4.13: Ra's feytȝ appears to be a hapax, and the near identity with the preceding seytȝ might encourage an editor to substitute the freke witnessed by most other manuscripts. A possible alternative interpretation would be to take this as a ?unique spelling of fitz. þenne and ryȝt rennes to resoun . and rownes in his ere  seyde hym as þe king sente . and swyþe siþþe aftir tok his leue I schal a-ray me to ride quod resoun . reste þe a-whyle . And calde catoun his kanuek[na]ue . curteys of speche set my sadel vpon suffre . til I se my tyme  There is a streaked ink blot in the left margin. and let warroke hym wel . wiþ ryȝthful wytful wittful full wyght swiþe fele swiþe feole to goode gerþes hong on hym an þe a heuy brydel . and to hold his hede lowe . And ȝut we wil wile he wol he schal he he will wile we make many a many mony moni a [nothing] wehe . ere we come þere There is what looks like small, faint curved ink mark (? <c>) in the left margin. þanne conciens on his capel . caryeth cairiþ cayreth careþ caryd caried forþ faste  and resoun with hym ryȝth rit rideþ ryd ryte to ryde ryȝt right rygth . and rapiþ hym swyþe a tonat on were Ac [o]n wary[n] Ac vnwary Ac on warry Bot on wary Bot one waryn Bot on a wayn & in a wayn Bod an warnyd & þo waryn & warnyd Bot on warynd At on asent weore wisdoum . and witty his fere . Folwede hym hem heom þaim ȝe [nothing] faste . for he hy hij þei þai thay we hadde to done In þe [nothing] chekyre and þe & in in and and in þe chauncerye . to be discharged of þinges  and ryde faste for resoun . schulde rede hem þe beste for to saue hem-self . fro fchame[s]chame and fro harmes harm harmys shame also . Ac conciens cam com comeþ arst to þe [nothing] court . by amylea myle way and rowned rombide romyd Romede Romed rowmed forþ with resoun . ryȝt to þe king  curteysly þe king þan . com in-to resounRa.4.31: There is noticeable bleed-through from the red quartus in the title of the passus on the recto side, which was inscribed in the space of a heavily scraped erasure. and by-twyn hym hymself and hys sone . set hym on a on benche . And wordedyn a gret while . wel wisly to-gederes In the right margin of this line and the next there is bleed through from the red capital <S> at 4.1 on the recto side. þen com pes in-to into þe parlement . and put vp a bylle  how wrong a-ȝens his wille . hadde his wif take and how he rauesched rose . raynaldes loue . And margrete of hure maydenhed . maugre hure chekys 16. boþe my geys and my grys . his gadelynges fecches  I dar not for fere of hym . fytthen ne chyde he borwed of me bayerd . and brouȝthe hym neuere a-gayn . Ne no ferþing þer-fore . for nouȝt I coude couþe could con plete he maynteynes his men . to murþere myn hynes  for-stalles my feyres . fyttes in my cheping brekeþ vp my berne dores . and beryþ a-wey my whete . And takeþ me but a tayle . for xten quarteres of [nothing] otys and ȝut he betyþ me þer-to . and lyth by my mayden  and I I am not so [nothing] hardy . onys for hym [for hym vnneþe] for him vneth for hym vneþis for hym ones forth for hem onis for for hym to wynkyn ne for hym to wynke ne for him vp for vnneþe on hym for onneþe on hym ones on hym to loke þo knew þe king [Þe king kneuȝ] þe kyng kneuh þe kyng knewe þe kyng kneow þe king seide That knewe þe kyng he sayde soþ . for conciens hym tolde . ☞ WrongRa.4.49: Wrong is underlined in black by a later hand, probably that responsible for the marginal pointing finger, which is not visible in the gutter in the image provided. was a-ferd þo . and wisdam he souȝthe to make his pes with his pans . and profrede manye hym manye forþ Moneye him [nothing]  and sayde had I þe [nothing] I loue . of my lord þe kingRa.4.51: Knott-Fowler, Kane, and Schmidt all print the first words of Ra's following line–lytel wolde I recche–at the end of this one. Either choice produces an irregular line. lytel wolde I recche þat Þeiȝ Thei þowȝ þow Tho þauh þagh if Gyf but pes and his power . pleyned hem euere Wysdam wan þo . and so dude wit alse for þat wrong hadde y-wrouȝt wrouȝt don I do . so wycked a dede  and warnede wrong wrong þo wrang þer . wytes wiþ wit & with swych a wys tale and who Whoso Ho so Wha sa whose Qwo wercheþ by wil . wratthe makeþ ofte . I sey hit by my-self . þou schalt hit sone fynde but mede But ȝif mede For bott I But ȝif I hit make . þer þi þis [nothing] myschef is vppe  for boþe þi-self and þi lyf & þey lyue in þi lond . lyþ in his grace wrong þan on wisdam wep . to helpe hym at nede hym to helpe To helpe him to helpyn him & praied to helpe him fast to hym helpe to helpe Ra.4.60: at nede appears only in RaU, perhaps because wep was put in the first half-line, before the caesura. (There are other similar instances in Ra.) . For ryȝt þer-of For of And of Him for For Sum what for of And praed hym for of And prayed hym for And wisdom in is hise penys he proffride . handy-dandy payed to paye rediliche to be paid Rediliche he payede hastely he payed & sone had he payd I wisse he payed him þanne help hym at his nede þan wysdam and wyt . wenten to-gederes  and tok mede with hem . mercy to wynne pes put hym putte put putte hym ('hym' cancelled) þo put forþ . his hede and his panne panne blody blody panne hode blody panne all blodi . Redly [nothing] with-outen gilt . god wot þat is gat I þis skaþe conciens and þe king . knewe wel þe soþe  and wiste wel þat wrong . was a schrewe euere and Ac Bot bot þan [nothing] wisdam and wit . were a-boute faste . To ouercome þe kyng . with catel ȝif þei myȝte þe king swor by crist . and by be his crowne boþe  Ra.4.70: An entire line [= Kane 71] is absent from RaUDTCh; TCh also lack the whole of the following line 72. In RaUD, however, although the first half of Kane 72 is absent, its second half-line (to caste hem in Irenys) stands at the beginning of their next line. This produces an irregular line in RaUD. to caste hem hym in Irenys . he schal not þis vijseuene ȝer .Ra.4.71: This (rather slight) punctus here may be simply a stray mark from the <r>, but it appears where a punctus would logically appear in the regular line (i.e., Kane's line 73). se his fet onys god wot qwaþ wisdam . þat were not þe beste . And he amendes mowe make . lat meynpris hym haue and be borwe for his bale . and bryngen biggen biggyn bigge buggen beggyn als bye bring beingen(?) hym bote  Amende þat mysdede . and euermore þe betere wit a-cordeþ þer-with . and seeydeRa.4.76: seede is changed (lightly–by a later hand) to seyde. To correct the irregular alliteration of the line, Kane (in his 1988 revised edition) emended seide to [witnessede], and Schmidt to [wiþ]seide. þe same . Beter is þat bote . bale a-doun brynge þan bale be bote bet beten Ibete Ibetyn Ibette bute Ilete . and bote neuere þe betere  þan gan mede to meke hure . and mercy by-souȝthe and profered pes a present . al of pure purid pured puyred pure Red pewre golde . Haue þis of me man qwaþ he quaþ heo [nothing] sche ȝhe . to amende þi skaþe for I wil wage for wrong . he schal [wile] wil wol wolde do so no more Ra.4.82: There are five lines (containing Pees's speech) absent following this line, perhaps as a result of eyeskip: from the no more at the end of the previous line to the no more at the end of Kane 89. The absence of the five lines here is unique to Ra; but Kane's line 89 is also absent from A (as is Kane's 90 from AHa). Horobin (2005) suggests that the "omission may be deliberate, perhaps reflecting the scribe's sensitivities towrards the integrity of the legal process" (p. 20); and cf. the omission of "Vicars" from Prol. 55. ____ forRa.4.83: A 1/2-inch horizontal line in the left margin connects to the top of the <f> of for. This later marginal mark may signal that a reader noted the omission of the five lines mentioned above. mede haþ mad my mendes . I may no more axyn nay quod þe king . so god ȝyue me blysse . Wrong wendeþ not so a-way . er I wyte more lep he so lyȝtly a-way . lauȝen he wolde  and after And ofte oftyn oftere eft eftirward eke Alwey þe balder be . and to forte betyn myn hynen but resoun haue ruþe on hym . he schal reste in in þe my into þe stockis hym in þe hym in stokkes . As longe as I lyue . but more loue hit make some men Summe þenne summe þanne þanne was redde resoun . to haue ruþe on þat schrewe . and to counseile þe king . and conciens boþe þat mede muste be meynpernour . resoun þei be-souȝte . ☞ ?The <cc> paraph mark may be contemporary with the text; the pointing finger is later, and the most elaborate instance in the manuscript. The inks of the two are distinctly different. Rede me nout quod resoun . no ruþe to haue til lordes and ladyes . louen alle truþe  til And peronelys purfyl . be put in he hire here her heore þair perkyns he[r] hocche til childres chersyng . be chasted with ȝerdes . And harlotes almesse holynesse holinis halynes harlotrie . be holden for an hyne for an heþyng for an heuene for a hyne for any hyne an hyne ful hiȝe til clerkes and kyȝtthesk[n]yȝtthes . be curteys of her mouþe mouþes  and hate to [nothing] here harlotrye . or oþer or to to and mouþe hit hem-selue mouþe it mowthin it for euere mouþe it with tungis hit with tong mowþe mowthin hit mouþen and vsun hit no more & no more it vsen [nothing] til prestes here preching . proueþ preue hit preuen hit in preuen preuyth preoue it proven it proven preued it preuyth profers hem-selue . And do hit in dede . to drawe vs to gode til seynt Iame 17.This first page of a new quire (#3) is especially marked up in the margins. This would suggest that it had not been bound at the time Rychard (Barnard) made the marginal annotations, in the ?early sixteenth century. RycharThe first part of the name in the gutter is not visible in the provided image. Rychard h tyl seynt Iame be y-souȝth souȝt sougth south Isouȝt Isouht . þer I schal a-syne  ? þat no man go to galys . but ȝif he go for euereRa.4.103: The second half of the line has been underlined, in what appears to be the same black ink as the later <cc> paraph mark in the margin. and alle þe alle no [nothing] rome-renneres . for robberes of by-ȝonde . Bere no syluer ouer se . þat sygne of king scheweþ neyþer grotes ne gold . y-graue with kinges coyne  vp forfeture of þat fee . who fynt hym dygnere at douere at douyr at douorre do euere diuerse may but hit be marchaunt or oþer oþur [nothing] his man . or oþer myssager with lettres . tyl seynthar(Or should it read feynthar, since the first letter is clearly barred?) The words, slanting downward to the right, in the right margin, appear copy the first two words at the top of this page (and cf. the catchword at the bottom of the facing verso page), and then modulate to the <har> of the Rychard "signature." There are a number of other (?contemporary) pen-trials of Rychard at various points down the right margin. Or Oþer Or ellis prouysour or prest . þat þe pope a-vaunseþ and ȝut quod resoun by þe rode . I nel shal scal wol no ruþe haue  whil mede haþ þe maystrye . to mote in þe þis halle and Ac Bot [nothing] I may schewe ȝou [nothing] ensaumple as I se oþer . Ra.4.112: Note the line junctures of this and the next 2 lines. Other manuscripts divide these three into four lines. I For I For ȝef sey hit for be [nothing] my-selue . And hit were so so were so weore so war þat I were king . with crowne to kepe a rewme schuld neuer wrong in þe word in þis world in þis werlde more [nothing] . þat I wyte myȝthe  be vnpunsched by at be beo in for my power . for peril of my sowle ne gete my grace with þoruȝ þorow þorw þourth þrow by ȝiftes . so me god helpe . Ne for no mede haue mercy . but meknysse hit made for nullum malum þe may þe man þe Mon þat man he may [nothing] to man mete wyþ Ra.4.118: Note line division: Inpunitum is at end of this line in nearly all other manuscripts. Inpunitum . and bad nullum bonum bonum be bonum ben bonum bene conum shold be malum malum be irremuneratumRa.4.119: Note the use of textura <d> in the two English words, but the bastard <a>s and . The juxtaposition of two different <r>s (the second found elsewhere only in the English text) in irremuneratum is a unique instance in the manuscript. . Let þi confessour syre king . construe hit þe in on englys . loue shalle a laborer ⁊& lede to the ffyld dongMuch of the entry is not visible in the image provided. And ȝif þou wirke hit in werk . I wedde boþe his myne boþe myn þerto myn erys þat lawe schal be a labourer . and lede to felde afeld afelde on feld on felde on feild ofilde to feld dunge  and loue schal lede þy lond . as þe best lef leue leof self lykes clerkes þat were confessoures . coupled hem to-gederes . For to construe þe þis clause . and [nothing] declyned faste ac Ac whanne Bot Bot when And And whan þat whanne resoun a-mong þe þise þis these þes þeose þo hem [nothing] renkes . hadde rehersed þo þise þis these þees þeose þes alle þise þe wordes  þer was nas ne was man in þat þe this [nothing] mothalle . more ne lasse þat he ne held resoun a mayster . and mede a muche wrecche Loue let of here lyȝt . and low hure to skorne and sayde hit so loude . þat soþnesse hit herde  þat who Whoso Ho so Hose Wha For who so wynne hure to wyue . for welþe of hure godys but he he be he [be] cokewald y-calde . cut of my nose . On warned Waryn waren Warne War ne wary Vnwar was I warne þat Than boþe was nouþer Reyth her wysdom þo . on-wittes ne [witty] his ne no wyt his ne witti his & witti his ny witti his & wyt his owne ne wyt his ne witty in & witte his & ynwit his fere coude couþe kouthen Þai couth þat couþe ne couþe not warpen a word . to with-segge resoun . but stareden and for forth stodiede . and stode forþ stoden stodyn stode stooden stode stille stonden as bestes . þe king a-corded by crist . to resounes sawes . And rehersed þat resoun . had ryȝthfully schewed ac hit is ful wel wol [nothing] hard by myn hed . here-to to brynge bringe it hit bringe bryng þaim togeder bryngge hem to togeders brynge togederis and alle my lyche lige ligge leige lege riche ledes . to ledyn hem þus þus [nothing] euene by hym þat rauȝþe on þe rode . quod resoun tet[o] þe king . But ȝif But I reule þus my þi ȝoure oure rewme . rent of rend out rendith out rent out rend of rend outȝ my rybbys ȝif hit be so be beo so so be beo þat buxumnesse . be of at myn a-sent and I a-sente quod þe king . by seynte marie my lady be my counsel y-come . of clerkes and of [nothing] erlys . Ac redly resoun . þou schalt not ryde raike riden rydyn wende rydest hennys for as longe as I lyue . loue lete leten leete letten leuyn þe I wille [n]ile nylle nulle nelle wile wol I am redy quod resoun . to reste with ȝou euere so conciens be of ȝour counseyl . kepe I no better I graunte quod þe king . godes forbode he fayle as longe as I lyue . lybbe we to-gederes . Passus quintus de visione . The king and his knyȝtes . to þe cherche wente to here matynes and masse . and to þe mete after  þan waked I of my wynkyng . and wo was with-alle þat I ne hadde sclepte sadder . and y-seye more . Ere I hadden fare a furlong . fanteasye feyntise fayntis Fantyse A Feyntise a fayntnes swiche fantesie Ra.5.5: The second <a> is converted from an original <e>. me hadde hente hynt kauȝt þat I ne myȝthe ferþer a fot . for defaute of slepyng . I sat softely a-doun . and sayde my by-leue and so I babled on my bedes . þei brouȝþe me on slepe . Than saw I a mekel mekyll meche mochel moche muche mychel myche meke a muche Ra.5.9: The ink of the strike-through of <a> looks quite dark, so it may be that used by the later reader (Hand 3), i.e., the Secretary hand that provides a number of marginal notes. mekel more . þan I be-fore tolde I For I [nothing] saw þe feld ful of folke . þat I by-fore sayde tolde toulde telde I tolde ("I" cancelled) of tolde of tald nempnyd memede memyde schewede  and conciens with a cros . comRa.5.11: There is a stain on <m>. forþ to for to for the preche he And prechede preyede preied preide preyȝede preyȝed praiede prayed prechide prechid þe peple . to [nothing] haue pyte on hem-selue . And prouede þe þat þise at þe þat þis þat þese þat þes þat þe þat pestelence pestilences . was wern wer weren were weryn weore fell for pure synne 18. andRa.5.14: þe is absent from Ra; the reading is <a> in EK and þis in V. souþwest wynd . on saterysday at euen  was a-pertly for pryde . and for no- þing poynt ellys pyryes and plomtreys . were put puffid puffyd puffed poffet possid possed passchet putte to þe erþe . In exsaumpleRa.5.17: The long <s> was later squeezed in between the <x> and <a>, probably by the main scribe–although it is the only instance of this spelling in the manuscript. seyþ god segges to Men sent god sayd god I say for I say [nothing] ȝe schul do þe betere beches and brode okes . were blowe to þe grounde  and turned vp vpward þe here her tayl . in toknyng of drede þat dedly synne er domesday . schal for-do hem alle . Of þis matere myȝthe I I miȝte myght y I mought y . mamele wel longe ac I schal say as I seyde saiȝ sayhe say saye sauȝ saw sawe seegh sygh . so me god helpe  how conciens with a cros . comsede to preche and He bad wastour go worche . what he best coude couþe coulde . And wynne þat he had [nothing] ne wasted . with som maner craft he And And he prayde to [nothing] dame peronel . hure purfyl to leue  and kepe hit in hure cofre . for catel at nede thomas he tauȝþe to take . to take. to take Ra.5.28: The repetition of to take is unique to Ra. Others put the punctus after tauȝte. two staues . To And fecche felys hom . fro wyuene pyne he warnede watte . his wif was to blame  þat hure hed was worþe a marke . and his hod not not worþe a grote he chargeþ chapmen . to chaste here children . Let no wynnyng for-weny hem . whyles þei beþ ȝonge he prechede pre[yide] preyede preied Preyde praied prayȝed praed als prechide preched prechet prechiþ prelates . and prestes to-gedere  þat þei preche þe peple . and [nothing] proue hit hem-selue and lyue as ȝe lere vs . for we we þei wil loue leue leuyn trast lowe louen louyn ȝou þe betere . And swyþe siþþe [nothing] he radde religyus . here reule to kepe holde ☞ last þe king and his counceyl . ȝour commounes a-peyre  and And be And ben And beo & were stiward in of ȝour stede . for til or so þat & tillyn ȝe be stywed betere and And ȝe Tho and nout þat þat seke sekyn seynt Iame . and seyntes at rome . Sekyþ seynt truþe . for he may saue vs ȝou ow alle  qui cum patre ⁊& filio . þat fayre Faire Ra.5.42: A stain partly obscures the final <e> of fayre. ȝou mote mote ȝow mote ȝe ȝe mot ȝou might hym by-falle . Than Þanne ran ÞEnne Ron þen ran And þan ran repentauns . rehersed and reherside and rehersid and rhersis rehersid rehercede to reherce his teme and made wille wil will william wylkoc ('oc' overwritten as ? 'ed') to wepe . water with his eye eiȝen eien eyghenen eyne eȝen ene Ien yne [damaged] . Peronel proud herte . plat hure to þe erþe and lay longe er sche loked . and lord mercy cryed  and be-hyȝte to hym . þat vs alle made sche schulde vnsewe hire serk . and sette þer an heyre . To For to Forte Fort Tho a-fauten hire fleys . þat fresch fers Fyrse fiers Frele was to synne schal nere neuere hey herte me hente . but holde me lowe  and suffreRa.5.51: The <r> has an irregular appearance: perhaps the result of a contemporary correction over the first stroke of an ?<e>. to be nysseyd[m]ysseyd . and so dude I neuere but now I wil wile I I con wel wele I wol I I meke me . and mercy by-seke . Of al þat I haue had . of [nothing] enuye in myn herte lecchour seyde allas . and on to oure lady cryde  to make mercy for his mysdede . by-tweþe god and hym with þat he schulde [shulde] þe schulde þe suld þe on þe satourdayes . vijseuene ȝer after þeraftir sykerly þerafter . Drynke but wiþ þe goos doke duke doge . and dine but onys enuye with heuy herte . asked after schryfte  and carfully his compte cope coupe coulpe Culpe counte gylt gult gultis gultus synnes wilis . he gynnyþ to [comsiþ] he to com for to he couettes to begynnyth he to begynneþ he to begynnyth to begynnyth for to begynneþ to begynneþ for to schewe he was pale as a He was as pale as a He was as pale as as pale as a Also þe pelour was He was als a pelet . and in þe & in þe in a & in a & on þe on paltyk palesie he palasie he palesie palesy palatik semede . He was cloþed in a caury-maury . I coude [couþe] couthe can hit not discrie descryue descreue discreue discry discrien discryn deserne deuise a kyrtel and a curtepy . a knyf by his syde  of a freres frog frokke frogge freyke . were þe fore-sleuys as a lyk lek leek leyke led he þat hadde y-leye leyn leye layn layne lay lyen yley Ileiȝen Ilay ben Iben . longe in þe sunne . So loked he with lene chekes . lowrynge lourande lourede he foule his body was bolned for wroth wraþþe wreþþe angre . þat he bot his lyppe lippes  and wrothlyche he wrong wroþ wrang his fyste . to wreke hym he þouȝþe with werkes and with or wiþ or & wordes . when he sey his tyme . Venym or verious . or vynegre I trowe walwyþ in my wombe . and wayxeþRa.5.70: The <x> seems to be a correction by overwriting of an original <þ>, or <y>. Cf. two lines below. I wene as I wene Ich wene as Ich wene as I trowe me wrathe [nothing]  I myȝte not manyaday many a day many day mony day . do as a man myȝthe swych wynd in my wombe . wayxyþRa.5.72: As in line 70 above, the <x> here is a correction of an original <þ>, or possibly <y>. er I dyne . I haue a nehebour ny me . IRa.5.73: A stain partly obscures the boundaries of the punctus and following I. noyed haue noiȝed haue noyed haue nuyed hath noyd haue anoied haue anoyd haue anuyȝed haue neiȝede noyde anyed hym wel ofte ofte wol ofte full ofte and blamed hym by-hynde his bak . to brynge hym in fame  to a-peyre hym by my power . I pursued wel ofte 19. and by-lowe hym to lordes . to do hym lese syluere . And don his frendes to [nothing] ben his fon . þurȝ my falce tonge his grace and his gode happes . greued me wel fore[s]oreRa.5.78: This variant is not reported by Kane. Although the crossbar of the <f> may not be quite as firm and horizontal as in falce immediately above, or ofte immediately below, nor does the scribe's <o> require an onset stroke that might account for the appearance here. See also by fore and for in lines 85-86 below--and sore at the end of line 91.  by-twen hym and his mayne . wratthe made ofte I haue mad wraþþe Ichaue Imad wraþþe haue I wraþþe I haue mad ofte wratthe I haue mad striffe ofte I haue makid wreche boþe his lyme and his lyf . was lost þorw my tonge . Whan I mette him in market . þat I most hated I halsed hym as hendely . as I his frend ware  he is douȝthier þan I . durste I dar I durste [I] durste non harme don him ac haddyn I hadde I hedde U I hed y had had maystry or & oþer myȝth . I wolde mourþre him for euere . Whan I come to þe cherche . and knele by-fore to beforn afore þe rode to praye for þe peple . as þe prest me [nothing] vs techys  afterRa.5.87: after becomes the last word in Kane's added line 5.87 (based on E A Wa Ma). The added line is otherwise absent from Ra and most other manuscripts. þanne I crye on my kneys . oure lady þat crist þat god & praed crist Ra.5.87: oure lady [for þat crist elsewhere] appears only in RaU. sgyfRa.5.87: what appears to be the long descender of a long <s> (or <f>) is converted immediately into a <g>. hem sorwe þat bare a-way my bolle . and my brode broken broke borne awey schete . Fro [Awey] fro Also fro Also to forne And also fro þan fro & fro þe auter myn eye . I turne and by-heldeby-h[o]ldeRa.5.89: The line divisions in this and the next two lines vary in many manuscripts. how hayne haþ a newe cote . I wyssche Þanne I wysshe þan I wysshe þanne wische y þen wische y I wissed þenne Ich wussche þan I wissyd Anon I wysshe hit were myn owe [nothing] owne owen howne (later addition)  and al þe wele þe webbe aftir his wele after with þe webbeȝ aftir Ra.5.91: Kane, on the evidence of other manuscripts, makes this the end of the previous line (his 92); the remainder of this line, þat...sore, appears only in RaU. þat he haþ . greueþ me wel sore of his lesyng I smyle lauȝe . and þer-of lauȝeth [it liȝtiþ] it liȝteþ hit lightenes & light was hit likeþ it likith ay lykenge a lytil þerof myn herte . And Ac But [nothing] of his wynnyng I wepe . and weyle þe tyme I deme men þer þei [hy] þat þat he þat þai þat men at mony y do ille . and ȝut I do werse  I wolde þat ech wyȝth . were my knaue and who-so haþ more þan I . þat angreþ myn herte . Thus I lyue loueles . lyk a lyþer dogge þat al my brest bolneþ . for byter of my galle  may no sugre ne swete þing . swete swage swagen asswage aswagyn may swage dryue hit an vnche ne non diapendion . dryue hit fro myn herte . Ȝif schryft shulde . hit were shope schope schepe shop stoppe saue swopen out gret wonder ȝis redly redily rede I quod repentauns . and redde hym to gode  sorwe for synne . saueþ wel manye I am sory quod enuye . I am but selde oþer . And þat makeþ me so mad mat mate madde . for I ne may me wenge venge vengen avengyn awenge be vengyd þan come couetyse . I can hym not discrye descryue discryue descreue discreue descrye discry discriyn dyscryȝe  so angrey hungirly hongurliche hyungryly hungrely hongrely hungry and so [nothing] holwe . sire heruy hym loked he was byter-browed [betil]browid betyllbrowyd betilbrowed bedilbrowyd bittilbrowid Bitilbrowed bitelbrowid bitelbrowed bitelbrouwed bittirbrowid betterbrowed babirlippid baburlippud . and eke [nothing] alswa baberlypped . Ra.5.108: RaTChH2UDMa break the line here; others continue the line to eyen (middle of Ra's next line). with two blered eyen . as And as And also And eken as lik And and lyk a leþer leþerene pursRa.5.109: Note the irregular alliteration caused by the division of this and the next line. lolled his chekes in a tore tabard . of xijtwelue wynter age  but ȝif a lous coude couþe could lepe . I may hit not trowe leue leuen Ileue Ra.5.111: trowe [for elsewhere] appears in RaUJDK. Cf. Knott-Fowler I may it nought leve; Kane (1988), who revises his earlier I may it nouȝt leue to read I leue and I trowe; and Schmidt I may nouȝt leue, [I trowe]. þat he ne He Heo Sho She he ne how heo schulde slyde wandre not wandre not wanderyn nat wandre noght wandir nor haue wandred walke renne slideren þer-on on þat walsshe þer vpon þeron ȝerne or walke ther . so was hit bare þredbare . I haue y-loued ben ylouid loued louyd couetyse coueitous Covetous coutous covatyse conscience quod he . al my lyf tyme þat caitif þat caytefe þat katyf þis Caityf þe caytefe þat kaityf am caytif he al my lyue al my lif tyme Ra.5.113: This line and the following one are a site of substantial disagreement in the manuscripts. RaTUDChH2 divide what is a single line in many manuscripts (= Kane 5.114) into two at this point. The rather formulaic phrases in the second half-lines of both RaU's lines might fairly be characterized as "filler." and knowe biknowe byknowe beknowe byknewe hit here be-fore crist . and his swete moder here her heere hire now here here byfore crist & his clene modir [nothing] for sum-tyme serwed I I seruide serued I . symme at þe noke and was his prentys y-plyȝþ . his profyt to loke . Furst I lerned to lye . a lef oþer tweyne wyckedly to wynne to weiȝe to weie to weyen to weyn to wey for to weie for to way for to weygh to wirke þo towrie . was my furste lessoun  to wynchestre and to wy . I wente to þe feyre to Wiþ many maner marchaundie . as my mayster me het . Ne hadde þe grace of gile . go a-mong my ware hit hadde be vn-solde þis vijseuene ȝer . so me god helpe  þan drow I me a-monge draperis . my donet to lere to drowe þe leser list listes lyser lysour lesour a-long . þe lengere hit semeþ semide semyd semede semed semyth tileden . A-mong þe ryche rayes . I rendred a lessoun broched hem with a pak-nedle . and playted pleit pleited playtyd pletede plite plited plytyd platte platted ypleted pleyȝt plyȝte hem to-gedere  put hem in a pressour . and pynned hem þer-inneRa.5.127: The line following this (= Kane 5.128) is absent here from RaU. my wyf was a wynnestre . and wollen cloþ made . And spak to þe spynnestre . to spynne hit so softe softe out þer owt Ra.5.129: the unique so here in Ra may be Tilot's inadvertent anticipation of the first letters of softe: cf. co coueytes at Ra.3.59. þe pound þat he heo ȝhe sho sche I weyes [payede] paied payid payd payde payȝed paysed peysed peysede weid weyed weyȝed way by . weyeþ peisid peysed peisede paysed pysed it peysid passyd passed weied was a quarter more  þan ony myn owne myn awn myn awne myn my any þe [nothing] almesdede aunsel dede Aunser dede hauncer poundur dede selfe did deode [nothing] . whemwhe[n] I weyed truþe I bouȝthe hure barly . sche brew hit to sale . Peny-ale and pigwhey pilewhey pilewheye pilwhay pelewaye pelawey pilwyle pylewile pylqwyt piriwhit periwhit pilewhew pele was pewe spilawaye . sche pured to-gederes for laboureres for & loþ louȝ litel lewid pouere lond lowd folk . þat lyueþ lay layne liþe lyth layd it lyued lyuen by hem hym it þe heom þaim -selue  þe beste in my bed chaumber . lay by þe walles wowes wouȝ wowe walle and who-so boused bummide bummyd Bummede bummed bybbyd bubbith dronke drong drange boght þer-of . bouȝth hit þer-after . A galoun for a grote . god wot no lesse 20. When hit come in coppe ale cuppemel copnale coppis medelid . þat craft my wyf vsed  rose þe regrater . was hure ryȝthe name sche haldeþ haþ yholde hat yholde haþ holde haþ holden haþ holdyn had holden hadde holdyn hade haldyn ostrye huxterie hockestrye hukstrerye osterye hostrye ostryȝe ostre . þis xjelleuene wynter  And Ac Bote but now Now wil [nothing] I swere now soþly so þ[e I] so þike I so mote I the als mot I the so I think to þe soþely soþliche [nothing] . þat synne schal I lete ne neuere weye wyckedely wykkidly weiȝe weyȝyn wikkedly wykkidly to wey wykkidly forto weye wyckedly to wynne wykkidly werke wynne wykkidly . ne no ne wykkide no wiked ne ne cursyd ne fals chaffare make  but wende to walsyngham . and my wif after alse als also alswa boþe and bydde þe rode of bromeholme . brynge me out of dette . n NowRa.5.145: This is the first appearance of a rubricated one-line initial capital, a few more of which appear in this and the following passus: 5.211, 6.24, and 6.113. be-gynneþ glotoun . for to go to shrifte and carieþ ca[iriþ] kaireth carith karyd caryyth caried cariede koueryth kouerereth wendiþ shope hym to churche-ward . his synne coupe culpe cowlpe countis gilt synnes schrift to schewe  and betoun þe brewestre . þer bad bad badde sche bad þen bad hym goud morwe and she axede of him . whederward he wolde . To holy chyrche quod he . for to here masse and sytthe I wil be shreue . and synne no more  I haue goud ale gossyb quodRa.5.151: The usual suspension mark for quod, seen in the following line, is omitted here. This omission continues in a number of the following folios. she . glotoun wilt þou a-saye hast þou quod he . ony hote spyces . Ȝe glotoun gossyb gossib quaþ heo gossib quaþ sche gossip quaþ heo gossip quaþ sche Gossop quaþ sche gossib ȝhe quath good gossib quaþ sche quaþ sche quaþ sho quaþ heo gossib ȝa . god wot wel hote I haue pepyr and pienye . and a pounde of garlyk  and a ferþingworþ of fynkele fenel fenill fenkel fenkil felkene sed . for faftyngfa[s]tyngRa.5.155: While Tilot usually omits connecting long <s> to a following <t>, as in hast three lines above and sowestre two lines below, fastyng is clearly what is intended here. dayes þanne goþ .glotounRa.5.156: The initial <g> appears to be written over a scraped letter. in . and grete oþes after . Sysse þe sowestre . sat on þe benche watte þe wafrere . and his wif boþe  symme þe tynkere . and two of his knaues hycke þe hakeney-man . and hobbe hogge hough hugh hewe hwe hyne lawe þe melnere nedelere nedlere mellere myllere mylner [nothing] . Clares of kockesRa.5.161: Kane's textual notes here (5.162) queries Ra's reading as "? korkes lane". It is more likely a <c> (admittedly not completely well formed) than <r> before the <k>. Although the scribe does use a small <r> similar to this (usually in final position: e.g., regrater at 5.139 at the top of this page), its second stroke is distinctly different from the cross-stroke here, which is more like that he provides for his <t>. lane . and þe clerk of þe cherche dawe þe dykere . and a doseyn othere  a ribaud ribibour bribour bribure rebauderere redylle maker a ratoner . a & a þe rakere of chepe a ropere a redyng-king . and rose þe dyschere disshere dyȝsshere dystere dychere dysare dissheres kempstere Ra.5.164: dyschere is a spelling unique to Ra, not noted by Kane. A suspension mark (for ?<er>) was originally inscribed from the upper stroke of the <c>, but was overwritten by the upright for the <h>. . And Of And of vp-holderes vpholderis an hep . erly by þe morwe ȝeuyn glotoun with glad chere . goud ale to drynke hansele hansale honsel  clement þe cobelere cast of his cloke and at þe newe feyre . nempneþ hit to selle . hicke þe osteler . hitte his hode after and And bed bette þe bocher . to be be ben beon to ben to bene shulde ben on his syde . þer were chapmen y-chose chosen chosyn ychosen Ichosyn . þe chaffare to preise and ho-so Whoso ho so Wha sa Hose An who so For who so þat who so hadde þe hode . schuld haue a-mendes of þe cloke . Thei Þo Thay To Two Twoo Twa resyn vp in rape . and rownede to-gederes and preysede þe peneworþes . a-pertly aparte aparte (?aperte) aparty aparty (?aperty) inparty (?inperty) apert pertely & parteden by hem-selue  þer were oþes on an An hep . þei cunne not ȝut Iuge þei couthe not ȝut Iuge þanne þei ne couþe þei couþe not þen cowde þey nouȝt ȝit cowthen he nouȝt bot þen þei ne couþe Tweyne coude nought and tweyn coude nought [out] Ra.5.175: The second half-line is variously treated by manuscripts and editors. Kane and Knott-Fowler, following JNV, end the line with whoso it herde here, and retain þei couthe not for the beginning of their following line. Schmidt opts to follow AMaH and reads ouer þe hood and þe cloke as the concluding half-line. RaUN are the sole witnesses to not ȝut Iuge; and, along with TChH2, RU (but not N) end the line at this point. ne [nothing] by here conciens . a-corden to-gederes . Til robyn þe ropere . was rad vp to ryse to arisen to arise to rysen to rysyn to ryse for to rysen for to ryse forte arise and nempnyd for hym for hem for hym to hym [nothing] a nounpere . þat no debat ware nere neore were aros  hicke þe ostler . þan hadde þe cloke in couenaunt þat clement . þe cuppe schulde fille [shulde þe cuppe felle] shulde þe coppe fille schulde þe Cuppe fulle þe cuppe suld fille þe coppe xuld fylle þe cupped shuld fellyn scholde fulle þe coppe þe coupere shulde felle þe cuppe the coupere schulde fille the cuppe þe cobelere schuld fille þe cuppe . And haue hickes hod þe osteler . and holde him y-serued and ho-so whoso wo so qwa sa who that he þat [nothing] repented raþes raþere raþest ratherest sonnest raþe[r]Ra.5.182: raþes is unique to Ra: the scribe may simply have dropped a final <t>, but U reads raþere, so the <s> may be for <r> (although the forms are not easily confusable in Ra's own hand). . sholde rise a-fore aftir [nothing]  and grete sire glotoun . with a galoun of ale ale of good alle þer was lauȝyng and lowring . and let go þe coppe . Bargeynes and beueryches . be-gunne to for to þo to ryse arise and setyn so til euesong . and sunge sum-whyle [vmbe]while vmbeqwyle vmwhile somqwyle sumtyme wel murie [nothing]  til glotun hadde y-golped . a galoun of ale & a gille of gyle he pissed a potel . in a pater-noster whyle . And blew þe rounde rowet ryuet reuet rewet Ruwet ruet . at þe riggebonys ende . þat alle þat herde þat hornRa.5.190: What looks like an odd <n> form is the result of a later blot/stain in the manuscript. . held here nose after  and wisshed it had be waxed . with a wisp of fersen he hadde no strengþe to stonde . ere he his staf hadde . And þanne gan he go to go to gon to ga for to go gon Ra.5.193: The <g> in go is irregular: compare the form in gan and the violation of height. The scribe appears to have written the first stroke of an <h> and corrected it immediately to this larger <g>. He may have begun a second he or perhaps (less likely) the <t> of to, which appears here in many manuscripts. He altered the initial stroke of <h> (or <t>) to a large <g>. There may be some scraping of the bottom the original large initial ascender of <h>. Ra.5.193: Note the line-division: Ra combines two lines (in Knott-Fowler, Kane, and Schmidt) into one very long line, omitting the second half of Kane's line 194: lik a glemans bicche which, though absent from T, is well attested by UEVA and others. sum-tyme . o-syde aside on side of syde auaunt arere Ra.5.193: There is no space in the sequence e.o but there is also no obvious sign that either the punctus or <o> is a later insertion. and sum-tyme o-rere arere on rere of arere asyde as ho-so layde lynes . to lacche wilde wiþ alle foules  when he drow to þe dore . þan dymmed his eyen he stumbled [þr]umblide þrompelde stumblide stumblid stombled stombelid stombeld stumbuled stomblod stomelid stumles Ra.5.196: Both Kane and Schmidt emend T's non-alliterating stumblide on the basis of V's þrompelde; most of the remaining manuscripts show reflexes of Ra's stumbled. on þe þresfold . and fel [þrew] threw þreuh þrogh threw him stey to þe erþe . That with al þe wo of þe word world werlde . his wif and his douȝter wenche beryn him to his bed . and brouȝþe him þer-inne  and after al þat þis his surfet . an axces he hadde 21. þat he slep saturday and sunday . til sunne ȝede to reste . Thanne waked he of his wynkyng . and wyped his eyen þe furste word þat he spak . what was qwat [nothing] where is þe bolle . his wif blamed [wit]ide wytyd wyssyd warnede blamide blamyd blamy him þanne . of wickednesse of & & of & eke is synne þan was þe þat shrewe a-shamed . and schrapedRa.5.204: The small <c> is clearly inserted later. his erys . And gan to gretyn grete greton to grete to grede wepe to be sory grymly . and gret dol made make maken to make for his lethyr lyf . þat he lyued hadde  an And vowed to faste . for hunger or for or oþer for & for þhersteRa.5.207: This is a unique instance of this <þh> spelling of the word in Ra; but cf. þhurȝ at 10.179. shal neuere fysch on on þe fryday . defye in my mawe wombe mawe (cancelled for 'wombe') . Er abstinence myn awnte . haue y-gif me leue and ȝut haue I hated hure . al my lif tyme  s Slouþe for sorwe . fel doun on sowne a swowe aswoune on swounne in swowe yswowe in swoune Iswowene in a swowe In a swouȝe in a swowne in sweye to grounde a swoun til vigilate wile þe veil þer while þat wille þer wol wol [nothing] . fecche water to at atte of for wiþ his eyne . And flapte flattide flattid flattede flatted flatte flat flapt flascht plattyd platte platt plat hit on his face . and faste on him cried and sayde war war þe warre þe be ware Be wel war for wanhope . wil þe betraye  I am sory for my synne . sey to þi-self þanne [nothing] and bet þi-self on þi þe brest . and byd him of grace .Ra.5.216: A following line (= Kane's 5.219) is absent here in RaU. Than sat slouþe vp . and shryued seynide seynyd seynede seined saynede sayned signed schraffe sikede siked syhede syhed seide crowchid him faste and made a-vow to veri tofore before afor to vnto god . for his foule slouþe  shal no sunday be þis .vijseuene ȝer . but syknesse hit make þat I ne shal do me er day . to þe parysch dere derne dore [nothing] cherche . And here masse and matines . as I a monke were shal non ale after mete . holden me þennys  til I haue euesong herd . I be-hote þe to þe be by þe be rode and ȝut wol I wile I I wol Ichulle I wold shal I ȝelde a-ȝen . ȝif I so moche haue . Al þat I wickedly by-wan wan won bewan . syn siþen siþ siþþe sethen seþin seþþe seth sen seothe I wit hadde and þei my lyflode fayle lakke lake lak lacken I lacke me faile lede . lette ȝut leten letyn letten lettyn leten in ȝet lett leue Ra.5.226: ȝut is present here in Ra; and appears before lett in E. I nelle  þat euery iche eche vche iche a ilke man shal haue his . er I hennys wende and with þe residue and & þe of þe þe remenaunt . by þe rode of chestre . I wil seke truþe . or I se rome roberd þe robbere . on reddite lokede  and Ac Bot [nothing] for þer was not wher-with . he wepd wel swiþe ful [nothing] sore and ȝit ȝet þe ȝit þat ȝet þat þus þat þe synful shrewe . sayde to him-selue . Crist þat on caluery . on vpon oppon apon þat vpon þe cros deyde diȝedist diȝedest dyedest dydyst dydest deydist deyddyst deydest dyed dyde deyȝide dedest þo dismas my broþer . by-souȝth him þe ȝow of grace  and þou haddest mercy on þat man . for memento sake þi wil wirche w[orþ]e worthe worþ worch wurche werche wirke mercye vp-on me . as I haue wel deserued . To haue helle for euere . ȝif þat hope ne were nere neore ne ware no weore were to so Swa Thou rewe on þis roberd . þat red non ne reddere ne reddere non redde none ne rederd ne no redde no rede no red no reed ne reed non ne reed non red none no haueþ  ne neuer wenyþ to wynne . with craft þat he knoweþ I owe I knowe I knawe he knowe he knowiþ but for þi moche mercy . mitygacioun I be-seke . Dampne me not at domysday . for þat I dede so ylle ac what by-fel of þis feloun . I can not fayre shewe  wel I wot he wepte wep wepe wept wepyd weopte weptyd faste . water with his eyne and knowliched his gilt coupe coulpe gult gret gylt . to crist ȝit eft-sone . That penitencia his pik . shulde he shulde suld xulde apertly schuld he shulde be myght [nothing] pulche newe and lep with him ouer lond . al his lif tyme  for he hadde leye by latro . luciferes ~~.....~~aunteRa.5.247: aunte is written over an erasure. a þousand men and mo of men men mo men men sagh I [nothing] . þo thrunge to-gederes . Wepyng and weyling . for here wyckede dedis cried vp-ward to crist . and to his clene moder to haue grace to seke truþe . so god god got leue þat ȝe hy he þei þai þei so mote Passus sextus de visione . A Ac þer were fewe men so wise . þat þei þe wey þe ȝei þe weyȝe þe way [nothing] thedir coude blustre But blustrid But blustre And Bloundered But bustelyng But bleoseden forþ as bestes . ouer valeys baches dales bankes hulles Ra.6.2: valeys appears in most manuscripts and is adopted by Knott-Fowler; Kane and Schmidt choose the alliterating (and durior) baches, the unique reading of Wa. and hulles  til late and longe . þat þei a lede mettyn y-parayled Aparailid Iparailed Parayled Perraylid as a paynym . in pilgrymys wise . He bare a burdoun y-bounde . with a brod lysteRa.6.5: Kane's line 6, following this, is absent from RaUA. a bagge and a bolle . he bar by his side  an hundred of ampollus . on his hat seten sygnes of synay . and schellys of galys . and many a [nothing] cros crouch croche crosses on his cloke . and keyȝes of rome 22. and þe vernicle him [nothing] by-forn . for men schuld hym knowe knowe knowe hym knowyn yknowe Iknowen and sen by his synes . whom he souȝth hadde þis folke freyned hym fayre . Ra.6.12: fro is absent from RaJTH2 and others. whennes [fro] whenis from whenne Fro whennes qwen from whens fro whens fro when fro whene qwyne þat he come . Fro synay he sayde . and fro þe sepulcre ac At Atte From bedlehem and at & at babyloyneRa.6.14: This appears to have begun as babyb, and the scribe adapted the final stroke of the third as the first stroke of an <o>. It is not a case of biting: cf. boþe at the end of the line. . I haieha[u]e be in boþe  In ermonye . in alisaundre . and in and in many oþer places ȝe mow sen by my synes . þat sytten on myn hat . That I haue walked walkid wel walked wil walked ful walkid wol walkid wel wel wyde . in wet and in drye and souȝth gode seyntes . for my soule hele  knowest þou a ouȝt a oute a aught a [out] corseynt quod þei . þat men calle truþe canstu wisse vs þe wey . wher þat he wy wyghe wyte wyth man [out] duelleþ . Nay so me god helpe . sayde þe gome þanne I sey neuere palmere . with pik ne with skrippe  axen after him . ere now in þis place . p Peter quod a plowman . and putte forþ his hed . I knowe him as kyndely . as clerkes done her clerk doþ his clerk doys his clerk doþ is clerk doþ [out] bokes clene conciens and wit . kennyþ me to his place  and dude me to [nothing] [out] sure him hym [siþþe] him sithen him syþin seþþe sithen sothe sothenesse [nothing] [out] . for to to [out] serue him euere for euere [out] boþe now and siþe sowe [and sette] sowe & sette sowen & sette to sette & to sowe to sowe and to sette sowyn & settyn to sowen and to setten sowe & seden sowe his seed [out] . whil I swynke myȝthe . I haue be his folwere . al þis fourty wynter boþe sowen his sed . and sewed his bestes  and kepid his corn . and caried hit to house dyken Dyked Dykyn I diked I dikid Idyket Idykete dychid And eke diked I haue dichid [out] and doluen . .Ra.6.32: The double punctus is clear, and quite unusual. and don what he hyȝthe . Wyth-inne and with-oute . to wayte waytide waited waytyd I wayted & wayted awaited to wayten wayten weele [out] his profyte þer is no labourer with-inne in [out] his lordschep . þat him lykeþ he louiþ [out] betere  for þouȝ I sey hit my-self . I serue him to paye I haue myn hire of hym wel . and oþer-while more . He is þe prestyste payȝere . þat pore men knoweþ knowen knowiþ knowyn knawen habbeþ [out] he ne halt wiþhalt [out] no hyne his hyre . þat he ne haþ hit at eue  he is as low as a lomb . and louely of speche and ȝif ȝe wil wilneþ willeþ wolleþ willen wille wol desyrin [out] wite . where þat he wy wyht wyte wytt man [out] duelleþ . I shal [wile] wil wol sall xal [out] wisse ȝou welRa.6.41: Kane presumably would count wel as the beginning of second half-line, suggesting that alliteration is the reason for his emendation of shal. Schmidt reads I shal wisse ȝow [þe wey wel riȝt] to his place; and cf. Knott-Fowler: I shal wisse yow wel the right way to his place. . ryȝth to his place ȝe leue peres quod þeRa.6.42: The superscript <e> here appears darker, and somewhat oddly shaped: cf. the more usual form in the middle of third line below. But at least a few similar forms do appear elsewhere: e.g., before place at line 104 (fol. 23v). pilgrymys . and profered him hire  nay by þe peril of my soule quod peres . and gan for to gan to gan can began to bigon to he gan he gun fast he dide [out] swere I nolde fonge a ferþing . for seynt hthomas shrine . For truþe wolde loue me þe wores wers worse lasse lesse [out] wor[se] . a long tyme after ac ȝe þat wil wilneþ wilnen willeþ wole ȝernyn þenkyn thenke [out] wende þeder to wende wende to hym wende to wenden þe weye to wite [out] Ra.6.46: although þeder appears here uniquely in Ra, in all but Ra and Wa it appears at the end of the line, after weye. . þis is þe weye weye þider [out]  ȝe mote go þorw meknysse . boþe maydenis men man Mon ȝe [out] and wyues til ȝe come in-to conciens . þat crist wyte þe soþe . That ȝe loue him leuere . þan þe lyf in ȝour hertes and þanne ȝour neyȝbores nixte . in none wyse a-peyre  oþer-wise þan ȝe wol þou woldist þou woldest ȝe wolde ȝe wald þou wost [out] . men wrouȝþe to ȝou þi ȝor or [out] ȝou[r]-selue and so boweþ forþ by a broke . buxum be buxum beo buxum beþ buxum beþ buxhomme beoth buxum hight buxum [out] of speche . Forþ til Forto For til Til Vnto For [out] ȝe fynde a ferde foorþe forthe forþ furth forde for [nothing] [out] . ȝour faderesRa.6.53: The scribe seems to interrupt a suspension mark for e, or possibly es, at the end of the <r>, writing in the es instead. honowredhonowr[e] honoured honour honouriþ to honewre ȝe honoure ȝe honnourdd hem ȝe honoure Ra.6.53: The -ed is clear [as also in Ch; and cf. Ma], but it does not make much good sense here; the context calls for a final -e, or -eþ, for the imperative form. wadeþ in þat water . and ways wasshiþ waschyth wachith wasscheþ waschetȝ wassche weshe weshe [out] ȝou þer-inne wel þere þere wel thare þen þare [out]  and ȝe schulle lepe þe lyȝtlyere . al ȝour lyf tyme so i shul ȝe shalt þou xalt þou Thou schalt schal ȝe sal ȝe [out] Ra.6.56: The <s> in shul is written over what appears to be a misplaced initial minim. se suere nouȝt . but hit be for nede . And namly on an in [out] ydel name þe name þe nome non othe [out] .Ra.6.57: The punctus appears to be misplaced: it should more properly precede name. of god al-myȝthy .Ra.6.57: This punctus is irregular, not consisitent with the scribe's marking of quatrains. And see two lines below for a similar extraneous line-ending punctus. þan shal ȝe shalt þou Thou schalt xalt þou schal þou sall ȝe schul ȝe schule ȝe [out] come by a crofte . comeþ ac come þou but come ȝe but come but komen but comeþ but come þou come þu [out] not þer-inne  þat þe [out] croft hatteþ coueyteþ not . mannys menis mannes mans [out] catel ne here wyuys .Ra.6.59: This punctus is irregular, not consistent with the scribe's usual marking of quatrains. And see two lines above for a similar extraneous line-ending punctus. ne none of here seruantes . þat noyȝe hem myȝthe . Loke ȝe þou [out] breke no bowes þere . but þei it ȝif hit ȝef hit [out] be ȝour þin þi [out] owyn two stokkes þer stondeþ stonde stonden stondyn stondith stondes standyn standes [out] . but stynt ȝou þou þe ȝe [nothing] [out] not þere  þei hatte stel not ne sle not . but [nothing] [out] strik forþ by boþe lef hem on þi lyft half . and loke not þer-after . And hold wel þin halyday . hey til þe [nothing] [out] eue þan shalt þou blenchen Ra.6.66: at is absent from RaUA; be is the reading in Wa. a-bak at a berwe [nothing] be a bergh at berwh at a bowhe at a bourne at a borne at a burne at a brok at a brook at a brige [out] . ber no fals witnesse  he is frithed in with floreynis . and oþer fees oþere [fees] oþere feys oþer foos oþer foes oþer federis oþere flouris oþer floures fees oþes [out] manye loke þou plucke no plantes plante plaunte plonte plant [out] þer . for peril of þi soule . Than And þanne þenne And [out] shalt þou se [se] see seo sen seyin [nothing] [out] sey soþ . so hit be to done and [And] [nothing] And þan [out] loke loke þat [out] þou lye not . for no mannys byddyng  þan shalt .þou come to a court . as [nothing] is [out] clere as the sunne 23. þe mot is of mercy . þe maner al abouteRa.6.72: the expected line-ending punctus is missing. And alle þe walles beþ of wit . to holde wil þer-oute þe cornelys beþ of cristendoum . þat kynde to saue  and burased boterasid boterased boteraseded ('ed' cancelled) Botrace it botraces boterace Ibotrasde briteschid britasyd Brutaget [out] bu[t]rased with lef beleue þe bileeue eliues [out] so [nothing] wel [out] . or oþer or elles elles worth [out] þou best [be]st bes beys be worst moten beo longe [out] not saued alle þe howses beþ heled . halles and chaumbres . With no led but with loue and lownesse . as breþren of o wombe þe t.oureRa.6.78: The <o> is written over what appears to be a long <r>. þer truþe is him-self . is vp to þe sunne  he may do with þe daysterre . what so him hym dere he dere him deore þat hym hym good [out] lykyþ deþ dar not do noþing þing [nothing] [out] . þat he defendes . Grace hatteþ þe gateward . a goud man for soþe his man hatte a-mende ȝou . for meny men him man he men he man hym [out] knoweth  tel him þis tokne . truthe wot þe sothe y parformed þe penauns . þat [nothing] [out] þe prest prest me preste on me prist [out] en-Ioyned . I And And y [out] am sory for my synnes . and so shal I euere whan I thinke þer-on . þow I were a pope  byddyþ a-mende ȝou . mekyn him to his maistre onesRa.6.88: ones is placed at the end of the previous line in Knott-Fowler, Kane, and Schmidt, despite the evidence of most manuscripts, including RaUJT. to wynne to weue To weve To weyue To wayue And wayue Prey hym to weyn To weyen To wynnyn To wynneyn To put [out] vpRa.6.88: Kane is no doubt correct: "above line same hand." þe wyket . þat þe wyȝt [þe wif] þe wy þe wey þe whye þe wight he þe aungel þe weyȝe þe way he with he with wylle [out] Ra.6.88: wyȝt appears in RaU; wy (Knott-Fowler's reading, and Schmidt's) appears in many others. Kane's wif is witnessed by no manuscript: see his note, pp. 445-46. shette . Tho adam and eue . etyn oure here her heore þer [out] bane for he haþ þe keyes and þe clyket . þow þe king clepe Clepe slepe slepyd [out] [s]lepeRa.6.90: Kane properly, I believe, queries whether the initial letter in U is "C? or badly written round s?".  and ȝif grace graunte þe . to gon in on in in in on [out] Ra.6.91: in on appears only in Ra U J; in in in V La N; on in H2 E A; in in T and the rest. þis wyse þou schalt se truþe him-self . Ra.6.92: wel is absent here from RaUEAVWaMaH. sytte wel sitte wel syttyn wel syttyng wil sette wil syttyn sitten sette setten syttyn [out] in þyn herte . And lere þe for to loue . and his lawes halde ac be war war þanne war þenne [out] of wratthe nouþ [nothing] noght nouȝt þe nouȝt noye yow noght neyth ȝou nouth he wrathe þe not [out] . þat wykkede schrewe  For he haþ enuye to him . þat in þin herte sytteth and loke pokiþ poketh poukiþ poke prokerryth wil prike Put puiteþ lokith [out] for no forþ forth for for ye furth no þe for þe wiþ [out] pride . to preyse thy-selue . The boldnesse of þat buffet þi bienfait þi benefait þi benfet þi benefeth þi beynfeate þi bienfaitȝ þi benefetes þi benefetys þi benfes þi lyffe fett þi kyme þat benfeet [out] . makeþ þe blynd þanne ~~...~~⁊̃& soRa.6.98: The ⁊̃& and so are written over an erasure; there is some sign of an erased letter (or letters), but the original is not decipherable by eye. worþ þe worst þou wordyst þou doys þou bestow worþestou worþ þou [nothing] [out] dryue out . as dew .Ra.6.98: This second more correctly placed punctus seems in slightly lighter ink. and þe dore y-closed closid closed closede Icloset is closyd [out]  y-keyȝed and y-cleketed . to holde kepe holden holdyn [out] þe þer-oute happily an hundred wynter . er þou eft entre . Þus myȝthe þou lese his loue . to lete wel by þi-selue and gete hit a-ȝen thurȝ grace . and þurȝ ..noRa.6.102: no is added later in a darker ink.-thingRa.6.102: thing [for gift elsewhere] appears in RaUMa. elles  Nothing appears to have been lost by the removal of the strip from the bottom of this folio. In addition to the bleed-through of the folio number 23 from the recto, there may have been some words erased in the left corner of the upper margin. In the top center there are ink marks offset from Rychard barnard in the top margin of the facing recto of 24. Ac þer arn vijseuene douȝtres sistris sustres susters sustren doutres [out] . þat serue truthe euere and beþ porteres to þe posternys . þat to þe place longeþ . þat on hatte abstinence . humylite And Humylite and meknesse [out] is anoþer anoþer hat an other þat oþer þe tother the tohere þe oþr [out] charite and chastite . beþ her chef maydens  Largenesse þe lady . lateþ in wel manye ac who whoso ho so hose wo so qwo so qwa sa sche [out] is sib to þe þis þes þese tho þa [out] sustres . so me god helpe . he is wonderly wol-come . and fayre vnderfonged But But ȝif But ȝef But þagh And bote Ac bot if [out] he ȝe [out] be sib to some . of þes seuene sustres [nothing] I tell you for sothe [out]  hit is wel hard by myn hod hed heued had [out] . ony of ȝou alle to gete ingate ingang ingonge in ȝong in goynge inganges any Ingange in [out] atRa.6.112: The <t> inserted above is in a later, darker ink; the <//> marking the place for the insertion below is in a lighter ink. eny gate . but grace be þe more . b By crist quod a cuttepurs  I haue no kyn þere .Ra.6.113: The appearance of a punctus elevatus at the mid-line caesura is highly unusual in this manuscript. Likewise, the appearance of two lines, this and the previous, each with a concluding punctus is irregular. Ne I quod a pelour an apeward a apeward an hapeward an apewart þe apeward apeward a peward a Bereward [out] . by ouȝth þat I knowe wite god quod quaþ a qd þe [out] waufrere . wiste I þat þe sothe forsoþe [out]  shulde I neuere ferþer a fote . for no freresRa.6.116: The darker ink of a later attempt to touch up (?correct) the <e> has produced a diagonal streak. prechyng ȝis quod peres plowman þe plouȝman þe plouȝmon [nothing] [out] . anan[d] poked him to gode . Mercy had is haþ hatȝ hadde [out] a mayden þere . she haþ hatȝ has and haþ & hat þat hath þat & [out] myȝte ouer hem alle she And she Heo And heo Scho And he And [out] is sib to alle synful . and hure sone alse  and þorw þe help of hem two . hope þou non oþer þou myȝt se gete geten getyn gett [out] grace þere . so þou go by tyme . Passus septimus de visione . t This were a wickede weye . but who-so hadde a gide þat myȝt folwe vs eche fote . til forto forto þat til þat tel [out] we were þere  quod perkyn þe plowman . by seynt thomas poule paule peter [out] þe apostel I haue an half akre to ere . by þe hyȝe weye . Had I ered myn þat þe [out] half akre . Ra.7.5: Kane divides his lines 5 and 6 here; they are conjoined in RaUK. The line breaks after wende in VHaJ; after ȝow in N. A number of manuscripts offer various attempts to "complete" the both lines. I wil I wolde wende wold I wende wol I wandre I schuld I suld I xulde I schal I wolde fayn [nothing] [out] with ȝou til ȝe be were weren bene beon come [nothing] [out] þere þis were a long lettyng . quod a lady in a sleyre  what shul shulde schule xul sall we wynne wommen wymmen . ⁊& [nothing] do or do þere wyrke þe whyle some shul sowe þe sak . for sheding of þe whete . And wyues þat haue wolle . werchen hit ȝe shole faste spynnet hit spedly . spareþ not ȝour fyngres  but ȝif hit be holyday . oþer holy euen 24. Rychard barnardThere are two erasures to the left of this "signature," which are too obscure to decipher by eye. lokeþ forþ ȝour lynene . and laboureþ þer-on faste . The nedy and þe naked . nym hede how þeþe[i] lyen casteþ hem cloþes for colde . for so wil truthe  for I shal lene hem lyflode . but ȝif þe lond fayle as longe as I lyue . for þe lordes loue of heuene . And ȝe louely ladyjs . with ȝour louely longe lang fyngrys þat haue sykesy[l]ke and sandel . soweþ hit when tyme is  chesibles for chapeles . cherchis to honoure and alle maner maner of maner oþer [out] men . þat by þe mete libbes libbiþ lybbeth libben lyveth liuen leuyth leuys [out] . Help hem wyrche witly wiȝtly wygtely wythtlyly . þat wynne ȝour fode by crist quod a knyȝt kniȝt þo . þou kennest vs þe beste  and Ac Bot Saue For [nothing] on þis þe þat a better [nothing] teme truly . tauȝt was I neuere kene Ac kenne But kenne Bote tech And kenne But ken Now But ken þou [variant line] me quod kniȝt þe kniȝt þe kyng . ~~...?...~~ I & I wil leye þer to ere [conne] eren conne erie lere to erye lerne to eren gon eryen comsen eiren comse to erye gynne eryn gynne to eryyne fayn lern be þine ayre [variant line] . ?This is a unique red paraph mark, not visible in the provided image. By seynt poule quod perkyn . for þou proferest þe so lowe I schal swynke and swete . and sowe for vs boþe  and And ek Ac ek And slso And take And lelly laboure for ȝour þi loue . al my lyf tyme in couenaunt þat þou kepe wel kep wilt kepe . holy cherche riȝt holy[k]ir[k]e holy chirche holichurche hali kirk holy kirke holy cherche þe right of holy cherche . And me myself Ra.7.29: and myself is absent from RaU at the end of the previous line; both have And me at the beginning of this line. fro watereswa[s]teres wastours wastour watris and wikkemenwikke men . þat me wolde wolde me it wil distroye and go hunte hardily . þe to two at for hare and & to & two and at and for & þe fox  and to beres boris beris Beores bere bore bor brokkys Roes and & to & þe buckes . þat breke myn hegges and fech þe hom faukonys . þe foules to kylle . For thes come to my croftes croft [out] . and croppe my whete curtesly þe kniȝt . conseyuede his þise þir al his to þe [out] wordes . by my power peres . I plyȝte þe my trouþe to fulfylle my þe þis þat þy [out] forward . whilis I may stonde . And Ȝa & But ȝe [out] ȝut a poynt quod perkyn . I praye þe more loke þou tene no tenaunt . but truþe wil a-corde assent [out]  and þey pore men profre þe . presentes and or oþer [nothing] [out] ȝiftes nym hit hem [nothing] [out] nouȝt in an on [out] aunter . þou mow hit hem [out] not deserue For þou shalt ȝiue hit ȝelde it hit ȝelde ȝeldyn [out] a-ȝen . at on ȝeres ende in a wel perlious ere perilous [out] perliousereRa.7.42: There is a slight gap following the sigma <s> before er[e]. This scribe tends only to use the sigma <s> in final position. Nevertheless, since a prepositional or adverbial ere in this context would make little sense, it is probably best to treat it as the comparative suffix of the adjective. place . þat purgatorie hatteþ  And mysbede not þi bonde-men . þe beter þou myȝt shalt þou þou schalt may þou xalt þou schaltow schal þou [out] spede and And þat þou þat þou And þat þiself And euere [out] be trewe of þi tonge . and talis þou hate . but hit be be of beo of be be beo [out] wisdam oþer or of or & [out] wit . þi werkmen to chaste hold with none harlotes . ne here non of nouȝt not [out] her tales  And namlyche at mete . suche men eschue for hit arn þe deueles dishoures . I do hit þe þe to þe [out] vnderstonde  I a-sente by seynt iame . seyþ seide quod [out] þe kniȝt þanne for to worche by þi word . whil my lyf dureȝt duriþ [out] and I shal aparayle apparaille me aparayle þe [out] quod perkyn . in pilgrimys wyse and wende with ȝou þe wey . til we fynde truþe . He caste on his cloþes . y-clouted and hole his cokeres and his cuffys . for colde of his nayles  and heng his hopur on at [out] his bak hals alse [out] . in stede of his a [out] skrippe a busshel of bred corn . bryng me þer-ynne . For I wil sowe hit my-self . and swythe siþþe siþe sithen seþþe seþþen sethe sethen sethin seothen [out] wil I wende and who-so helpeþ me to erye . or eny þing swynke shal haue by oure lord god lord god heouene [out] .Ra.7.59: The punctus is attached to end of <d>. þe more hire in heruest and make him merye with þe corn . who-so hit be-grucche . And alle skynnes kyne skynnys manere maner of [out] crafti men . þat cunne leue with in be [out] truþe I shal fynde hem fode . þat feyfully feiþfulliche skilfulliche [out] lybbe . saue Iacke þe Iogelour . ~~...?...~~and Ionet at þe of þe atte [out] stewesRa.7.63: The second half-line appears to be written over a scraping/erasure. and robyn þe ribaudour . for his rusti wordes . Truthe tolde me þus onys ones onys of hem [out] . and bad me telle hit ferther forþ forþe forþer [out] Deleantur de libro . I shulde not dele with hem  for holy chyrche is holde of hem . no tithes to taken asken askyn aske axen axin axe take here wynnyng is so wid [out] Et cum iustis non scribantur . Ant. f. 4 b.Lines 70-213a (in Kane) are misplaced in RaUE; they appear beginning on fol. 5v (not 4v as in this marginal note) above. They beþ arn be ben beon [out] a-skaped godes good [nothing] [out] aunter . god now god [out] hem amende +The cross is placed in the margin, between lines 69 and 70. Ra.7.70: The line here is quite different in Kane, reading the second half of Ra's preceding line as the first half of this one: I wolde not greue god, quaþ peris, for al þe gold on ground; and similar lines are offered by Knott-Fowler and Schmidt. Ra is missing first half-line of this and rearranges/rewrites the remainder. for al þe gold quod peres quaþ peris for al þe gold [nothing] . þat groweþ on þis on on þis on þe in grounde  myȝt I synneles don as þou seyst . seyde peres þanne ȝe hardyly I hote þe be goode quod hunger . or ellys þe byble lyes . Go to genesys þe geaunt . engendrour of vs alle In sudore wltus tui 25. In sudore uultus tui & &c & & in [out] . swynke þou shalt þi mete  tileRa.7.75: tile appears here in Ra, and in T U Ch D. In other manuscripts it concludes the previous line. and laboure for þi liflode . as & so for so [out] oure lord hyȝte and sapiens seyþ þe same . I se hit in þe bible . Piger propter frigus . no felde nolde wolde would wolde he wolde it wild noluit nolde he [out] tilie he shal shal go shal gon shal cone [out] bygge and begge begge & bidde beggyn & byddyn beoge & bidde bidde & begge [out] . and noman bete his hunger  Mathew with þe mannes face . þes wordes þus mowtheþ mouþiþ þise wordis [out] þat [nothing] seruus nequamRa.7.80: Although the superscript <a> is placed above the <m>, the expansion offers no difficulty to a reader of Latin texts. had a name . and for he ne wolde nolde hit vse . He hadde maugre of his mayster . euer-more after and by-nam him his namme . for he ne wolde nolde nolde not wold not [out] worche  and ȝaf ȝaf it ȝaf hit [out] him in haste . þat hadde ten þer [nothing] ȝeer [out] by-fore and sitthen hit he sone he he þus [out] seyde . þat his mayster seruaunts seruaunt seruandes [out] hit hadde herde herden herdyn harde hard hardyn . He þat haþ shal haue . to helpe þer nede is and he þat nouȝt haþ . shal not han haue . ne no man him helpe  and þat he wenyþ wel to haue . I wil þat hit it hit [nothing] [out] him hym be hym him beo hym by fro hym [out] be-reued bereued be reuyd beo reued bereuid byreued bireuet breuyd bereve bereuen [out] kynde wit wolde . þat eche wit wiȝt wiȝth man mon [out] wrouȝthe wrouȝte wrougthe wrouth for his fode wroghte scholde worche [out] . Or Oþer Eyþer [nothing] [out] with teching or oþer oþer wiþ or with [out] tellyng . or traualyng of hande honde hondis handis handes [out] Ra.7.89: The absence of Kane's line 7.233 following this is unique to Ra. þe sauter seyþ in þe psalme . of Beati omnes  LaboresRa.7.91: There is clear "biting" of the and <o>. manuum tuarum . quia manducabis . ⁊& cetera he þat get his fode here . with trauayl of his handes . GotdRa.7.93: The <d> is written in darker ink, over what appears to be an original <t>. There appear to be signs of earlier scraping. geuyþ hem his blessynge . þat here liflode here her [nothing] [out] so wynne wynneþ wynnyt wynnyn geten swynkeþ [out] Ȝit I praye þe quod peres . for put par ?pro [out] charite ȝif þou kennys kenne Conne cunne Canne canst [out]  eny lyf lif lyfe lef leef leff leefe lessoun lyst [out] of lechecraft . ken kenne lere lerne þou lere lerne þou teche [out] hit me my dere for somme of my seruauntes . ben sek oþer-while . Of al þe wyke worcheþ werkiþ [hy] werkiþ werke worche þei werche þei worcheþ heo worcheþ þei wurchen þei wyrchen þei worche þei werkyn thay worchen [out] not . so here wombe aketh I wot wel quod hunger . what syknesse hem eyleþ  þei han manged ouer- mykel mykil mukel muche myche mychel meche [out] . þat makeþ grone hem grone heom grone [out] ofte ac I hote þe quod hunger . as þou þin hele weldest woldest woldyst hauen woldis hauyn wilnest wylne willest willist desirest desirist [out] . ffor bwr thyngsThe tight binding prevents a clear view of the words in the gutter, and even less is visible in the image provided. That þou drynke no day . er þou ete dyne haue dyned haue dynet haue ydyned hast dyned dyen [out] sum-what and not ete nouth ȝet not ȝet ete nouȝt ete not Eet not ȝit nouȝt Ete no thyn ete [out] er til I hote þe er I hote þe or I hote þe ar I hote þe til Ich hote þe til I bidde þe er I bid or I hote er I hote ar I hote or I þe hote er [out] hunger þe take . and sent sende [out] þe of his sauce Ra.7.102: This and the next two lines (in RaD = ll. 102-4) comprise 4 lines (= Kane 245-8) in other manuscripts. to sauoure þi lyppus . and kep sum til super tyme and syt not nouȝt to not to [out] longe a-rys vp . er apetyt haue haue eten haue etyn haue eteyn habbe Iȝeten haþ eten hat etyn [out] his fylle . Let not sire surfet . sit sitte sitten syttyn [out] at þi bord lef Leue Loue Loffe ne lof þou longe [nothing] [out] not him hym nouȝt hym not not hym ryth nouth þou hym no þyng [nothing] [out] he for he [out] is a lechour . and liberous likerous lekerous lecorous kekerous [out] of his of [out] tunge  and after many maner metes . his mawe is a-longed and ȝif þou diete diȝete dyote dyith dyht dight dighte vsest do ech daydo [out] þe þus . I dar leyn ley leye lay legge [out] myn armes . That fysyk shal his furred hod . for his fode selle and eke his cloke with of and his [out] alabre calabre [out] . and þe knottes knoppis knappis coppis [out] of golde  and be fayn by my fay feiþ faiþ [out] . his fysyk to letyn and lerne him to [nothing] [out] Ra.7.112: The inserted him, unique to Ra, Kane correctly indicates it is in the "same ink." laboure with lond . last his [nothing] [out] lyflode him fayle . Ther are mo lyeres þan lechys . god lord [out] hem a-mende þey don men deye with þoruȝ [out] her drynke drynkes [out] . ere destene wolde it wolde amende [out]  by seynt poul pernel [out] quod peres . þes are profytable wordes þis is a louely lessoun . lord hit þe for-ȝelde . Wend now when þy wil is . for þat þere & [out] wel be þou euere I be-hote god quod hunger . hennys ne wil I nile I (not) nyl I nell I nel I nel I nauȝt nul I wil I not wil I [out] wende  ere I haue dined by þis day . and y-drunke boþe I haue no peny quod peres . poletes to bugge biggen bigge begge bye [out] Neyþer ges ne grys . but tweyne grete tweyne grene twey grene two grene to grene too grene a grene [out] cheses a fewe cruddes and crem . and an auerRa.7.122: auer [for hauer elsewhere] is unique to Ra. cake  a lof of benys and bren . y-bake for my children Beginning at this line, there are numerous pen-trials and letters scribbled in the left margin over the last dozen lines or so of this page. and ȝut And ȝit And ȝet And ȝit [nothing] [out] I sey by my soule . I haue no salt bakoun . Ne no cokeney be crist . colloppes to make ac I haue parsely persile persil persel perceel persoly [out] and poret . many & many [out] cool cole colis caul colde cold [out] plantes  and eke a kow and a calf . and a cart mare to drawe a on to [out] -felde þe my [nothing] [out] dunge . whil þe drouthe lestyþ . By þis liflode I most mote must miȝt [nothing] [out] lyue . til lammasse tyme by þat I hope to haue . lammasse heruest haruest [out] in my croft  þan may I dyȝthe þi dyner . as þe dere lykyþ al þe pore puple . þe þan [nothing] [out] pesecoddes fetten . Benys and bake applys . þei brouȝte in her lappes chibolles and skalonys chiriuellis Chirfellys chireuellis chiryuels cheruelys cheruelles cheruel Cheef mete chesteyns [out] . and ripe cheries manye  and profred peres þis present . to plese þer-with hunger 26. and [nothing] [out] hunger ete eet hente [out] þis in haste . and asked after more . Than þis folk for fere . fetten him more manye monye mony suche monye faste [out] grene poret and pesyn . to poysone poysene poyson poysen poysyn apoysen apoysyn apoysened [peysen] plesen ple plese [variant line] [out] him þey þouȝthe  by þan by þenne Be þat Whan Til [out] hit neyhed neyȝed neiȝede ner neyȝed nyȝe neyȝed ney nighhid nye nyghed neor neschid ner was ny was comyn [out] heruest . and þat for [nothing] [out] newe corn come to towne chepyng markett sellyn riped [out] þan were was was þe war the was þat wox [out] folk fayn . and fedde hunger with þe beste . With goud ale and glotonye . þei h[y] he þai thay þen and [nothing] [variant] [out] gere gart [..]rt garte gartyn gert gratte grathe gret gat getyn dyden made [out] him to slepe þo And þo Than [out] wolde nolde would ne wolde no no wold wolde no [out] wastour not wyrche . but wandre wandrite wandride wandred wanderyd wandren wandryn [out] a-boute  ne no beggere ete bred . þat benyn come inne comen ynne in come were in [out] but coket and or [out] clere-matyn . or of clene whete . Ne non halpeny ale . on in [out] none no [out] wise drynke but of þe beste and þe brouneste . þat brewesteres sellyn  laboureres þat haue no lond . to but [out] lyue by but on but be by on [out] her handes deyneþ not nouȝt nout now [nothing] [out] to dyne o day a day on day on þe day on dayes on þe day but on þe day with non wiþ [nothing] [out] . nyȝth-olde wortes . Ther may May [out] no peny-ale hem paye . ne no pece of bakoun but But ȝif [out] hit he[b]eRa.7.150: The of be appears to have been originally an <h>: . freschfleschfresch flesch . oþer fysche y-fryed  boþe And & þat And ȝit Or [nothing] [out] chaufed chaud chaut chauyd [out] and plus pluys plu pur [out] chaufed chaud chaut chawd [out] . for chillyng of here mawe but But ȝif And but Ȝet but [out] he be heylyche hered hirid hyryd hired hyryyd heryed Ihered Ihuret yhuyred [variant] [out] . ellys wil he grucche chide chyden chidyn [out] . That he was ewere werk work werk [out] man wrouȝt ywrouȝt wrout bycome [out] . warie þe tyme and And þanne [nothing] [out] curse þe king . and al his þe that [out] counseyl after  suche lawes to loke . labureres to chaste ac whil hunger was her mayster . her non wolde wolde here non wolde þere non þanne wolde þay not wolde þei not wolde non [out] chide . Ne stryue a-ȝen þe statute . so sternely he lokede I warne ȝou werkman workmen werkmen [out] . wynneþ whil ȝe mowe  For hunger hiderward . heyeth hyeth hithid hastiþ hastyt & hastit & hastet he hastit and hast aȝen hiȝeþ [out] him faste he shal a-wake thour þorw þurȝ thrugh þourth [þoruȝ] þorugh ȝour ȝow þorow ȝow thorw wiþ þis þes þese [out] thour[ȝ] watur . wastoures to chaste . Er fyue ~~...?...~~ wynter ȝer [nothing] [out] be fuld-fyldRa.7.161: wynter be fuld fyld is written over an erasure. . such famyn shal a-rise þorw flod and foule wederes . cornes fruytes fruicthis froytes freutis frutes frutys froite fruth fodes flodis [out] shul fayle  and so seyþ saturne . and sent ȝou to warne Passus octauus de visione . Truthe herde telle þer her [out] -of . and to peres sente to takyn taken take [out] his tem . and his erthe tylie his erþe tilien his erþe telyen [tilien þe erþe] tilyen þe erþe tilyen þe eorþe tilye þe eorþe tilye þe eorþe telyen þe erde telyn þe erthe truly tylyyn þe erthe [out]  and purchas purchaise purchasen purchased purchasid purchac[ide] purchasede purchasidyn purchasyn to [out] him a pardoun . a pena ⁊& a culpaRa.8.3: Unusually, there are no rubrics or ticking of the Latin words that comprise this half-line. Cf. 8.21, below. . For him and & for [out] his eyres . euer-more after . And bad him hodde holde holden holdyn helden [out] ho[l]de him athomeat home . and eryen his layes laiȝes leyȝes leyes leyys leygthys [out] and And alle and alle þo And þo [out] þat ȝe shul helpe holpen helpen helpyn holpyn holpen him holpyn him holp hym helpen him helpyn hym him hulpyn hym helpen euere hulpen him holpen hendely [out] . to erie and or er or ellys [out] to sowe  or ony maner myster . þat myȝthe peres helpe helpen helpyn availe [out] part in þat pardoun . þe pope haþ y-graunted hem grauntid [out] . Kinges and kniȝtes . þat kepeþ kepen kepyn kepe helpen [out] holy cherche and ryȝthfully þe in in þe in here in this [out] rewme . rewlyþ and þe þe here [out] peple  haue han hauen By [out] pardoun þorw purgatorie . to passe ful wel wol [out] sone with patriarchis in paradis . to pleye þer-after . Bysshopis þat blessen . and boþe lawes kunne loke on þat o lawe . and lere men þat oþer  and bere boþe bothin hem boþe hem bonere heom [out] on hereRa.8.15: There is a very light suspension mark above the <r>. bak . as her baner sheweth and prechen hire parsonys . þe peril perel periles [out] of synne . How þat þe þat þat a þat here þe heore fro [out] shabbede shep . shul xul shol schal schollin shulde schuld þey may [out] here wolle saue haue han þei han And haue And Þat [out] pardoun with þe aposteles . whenRa.8.18: The stain above the line doesn't appear to obscure anything. þei passen passyn passe partyn wende [out] hennys  at þe And at þe Atte On þe And atte [out] day of dome . at here deys deis des desse dees dayes [out] to sitten marchaunt Marchauntis Marchaundys Marchantȝ Marchauns Marchans [out] marchaunt[es]Ra.8.20: The þei in 8.22 suggests that this should here be a plural, as is regularly the case in other manuscripts. And cf. marchauntes at 8.42. in þat þe þis here [nothing] [out] margyn . hadden manye ȝeres . But none a pena ⁊& a culpaRa.8.21: As in 8.3, the first line on this folio above, there are no rubrics or ticking of the Latin words. . þe pope nolde wolde wyl [out] graunte granten hem graunte hem non grante heom grante hym graunte non graunte [out] for þei holde hold holden holdyn holdeþ helde helden heldyn [out] not her holydayes . as holy churche techys techiþ techit techitt techitȝ techeþ [out]  and for þei swere by here soule . ⁊̃& so god mot muste moste mote shulde [nothing] [out] hem helpe a-ȝens clene conciens . here catel to selle . And Ac [out] vnder his secret secre sekir [out] sel .Ra.8.25: A very slight punctus is visible after sel. truþe sente him hym hem [nothing] heom [out] a lettre and bad him hym hem heom [out] begge bigge Bugge byggyn bye byen [out] baldely boldely [out] . what him best hem best þat hym þat hem heom best þing hem best [out] lykede likeþ likith liked lykyd ligede [out] .'Ra.8.26: A light diagonal mark was added later above the punctus to make it a punctus elevatus, which would have been expected at this point. and swythe siþen sithe syth sytthyn siþþe sethen sethin seþþen seþþe oft [out] selle hit a-ȝen . and saue þe wynnyng and make meysoun deu mesoun dieux þe mesoun dieu mesonis deux maisouns dieux mesendews mescon dyen mensoun de dieu [out] þer-with . mysese to helpe . Wyckede weyes . wytly wiȝtly wytlyche wytely wyttylyche also witterly þer with wide wher nedful weore Wightliche [out] to a-mende and þinke on bynde byende bigge bete Beete boten amenden makyn Feble broken [out] brygges a-boute . þat to-broke were  maryen maydenys al-so . or or ellis elles & [out] make hem nounnes pore widues þat wiln . be wyues non not be wyues wyues ... none ben no wyues to beon wyuys ... be non nat be wyuis nouȝt be wyues not to be wifes ben no wyues be no wyfes beo none wyues be no more wyfes ben and none wyues nede be wyfes [out] ofter aftir Aftur helpe hem þere aftir [out] . Fynden Help to fynde Fynde [out] suche here fode . for oure lordes loue of heuene 27. sette scoleres to scole . or oþer or to [out] sum kennys skynes skynnes skynnys skennes kyns kynnes kyne kynne kynde maner oþer [out] craftes  releyue religious religiouse religioun Religiouns pore religioun [out] . and renten hem betere and I shal sende my-self . michael seynt Michel [out] myn aungel . That no deuel shal ȝou dere . deye when ȝe deye þat I ne shal sende his ȝour ȝor [out] [ȝour] soule . saf in-to heuene  and by-fore þe face of my fader . for me forme furme fourme fourmen þat formyd frely [out] ȝou ȝoure or his [out] sette sete to sitte setis seetys seetes settys [out] vsure . & [out] Ra.8.40: The punctus here may appear to be irregular, until one sees that it is functioning like a comma separating items in a series. Cf. 8.199 below. auarice . and oþes I defende . That no gile go with ȝou . but þe grete graiþ greiþ grathe grace of heye hard [out] truþe þan were marchauntes merie . and some many & many svme þei þai and [out] wepe .Ra.8.42: The insertion of a punctus here is irregular. for Ioye  and ȝaf wille for his wrytyng . wollene choþesc[l]oþesRa.8.43: The change of letter-size and lighter ink suggest that these last two words may be a later addition; they are clearly in the hand of the original scribe. The first stroke of the <o> of cloþes bites the second stroke of an original <h>. For he copede coped copide coupid coupide copiede Copiede copied copyid copie copy [out] þus hire clause . hy konne konned konnyt couden cowde could couþe cowthin comandyn ȝeue ȝeuen ȝaf [out] him gret mede  Men of lawe hadde leue lest [out] . for lered lerned lettred lettrid letteryd lewid lewd loþ [out] þei ben alle and For An [nothing] [variant line] so seyt þe sauter . and sapience boþe  Super innocentem munera non accipies . a regibus ⁊& principibusRa.8.47: erit is written at the end of the next line. Of prynces and of [nothing] [out] prelates . here pencioun shal xal shulde most [out] a-rise // erit erit merces eorum erit merces eius &c erunt merces super innocentem &c &c [nothing] [out] Ra.8.48: erit here continues the Latin from the previous line. and of no pore peple . no peneworþ to take  ac Ac he Bot he Bot ȝe And he For he [out] þat spendiþ his speche . to & [out] speke spekiþ spekyt speked speykyth [out] for þe pore þat innocent is Innocent ben innocentis ben is Innocent ben Innocentys is not nocent [out] and nedy . and no man a-peyreRa.8.51: Two following lines (Counfortiþ hym in þat cas, coueitiþ nouȝt his goodis, / Ac for oure lordis loue lawe for hym shewiþ," [= Kane 51-52]) are absent, uniquely, from Ra here. Shal no deuel at his deþday . derie him a myte þat he ne worþ saf sykerly . and so seyþ þe sauter ac do [nothing] to [out] [t]o bugge water ne wynd . and ne no non or [nothing] [out] wit is þe thridde wolde Ne wolde Nolde No wolde Ne wyld [out] neuere holy writ . god wot þe soþe . These þre for thralles . . beþ proued ben þrowe be þrowe ben throwen beon throwen be throwyn ben Iþrowen bien trowen beo þriven beþ sowen ben yȝeuen þrowe [out] a-mong vs alle to waxen and wanyen . þe while where þat were þat qwer þat wheþer þat wheyþer þat wheþer [out] god lykeþ his pardoun in purgatorye . wel petit litel litil peti petyful [out] is I trowe þat ony mede of mene men . for motyng reseyuen resceyue reseruit resceyueþ [out] . Ȝe legisteres and lawyeres . ȝe [nothing] [out] wyte ȝif I lye syn siþen Sythyn Siþ Sytthyn Siþþe Sethe Seþþe [out] ȝe se hit is þus . sheweþ sheweþ to schewyth to sewiþ to sewit to sueth to sweþ to serueþ to seweþ sewith [out] þe beste alle lyuynge libbyng Libbinde lyffyng leuyng leuyg lyues [out] laboroures . þat lyuen lyuyn leuen leuyn leue libben libbet [out] by here handes þat trulyche taken . and trulyche wynnen . And lyue lyuen lyuyn leuen leuyn ledyn [out] in loue and in lawe . for here lowe herte hadde þe same absolucyoun . þat sent was to peres Beggeres and bydderes . beþ ben be Beoþ weryn ne byn ne beth [out] not in the bulle but But ȝif But ȝef [out] þe suggestionys suggestioun subiectioun cause destenye [out] be soþ . þat him nede to [shapiþ hem to] schapith hem to schapit hem to schapeþ hem to schapen hem to schapith them makith hom to þei fore [out] begge for he þat beggeþ or biddeþ . but ȝif but til or [out] he haue nede he is fals with þe fend . and frawdeþ defraudith defraudeþ gyleþ defouleþ kiliþ dysseiuyt [out] þe nedy And eke gileþ þe gyuere . a-geyns his wille þey lyue not in loue . ne no lawe holden þey wedde no wymmen women womman wommon wyues [out] . þat þei with delyn but as wilde bestes with whe-he wehe wouh woo wo vche [out] . and worþ vp to-gederes . And brynge bringen bryngyn bringgyn bringeth [out] forþ barnys . þat barnes bois barons barnes þey bastardes þey [out] ben y-holden Iholde holden holdyn holde [out] or his bak or his bon . þei brekyn in his ȝouthe and gon and fayten with her fauntes . for euer more after þer beþ ben beon arn [out] mo mysshape a-monges hem . who-so take takiþ takit takyd [out] hede Than of alle oþer maner man men [out] . þat on þis molde wandryn wandriþ wandren wendryth wenden [out] þo þat haue lyuen lyuyn lyue leuen ledyn [out] þus here lyf . mow loþe þe tyme þat euere he was man wrouȝth . when he shal hennys fare and Ac Bot [out] olde men and hore . þat are helples helpeles ben helples bien helplas beon helples beþ helples beoþ help be feble ben [out] of strengþe And wymmen with childe . þat wyrche werche werchyn worche worchen werke wyrkyn worche þei [out] ne mowe blynde and blereyde blereyed bedrede bedred Bedreden bederede bedderede Beddred þe bedred [out] . and broken here membres þat takeþ here her þis his [nothing] [out] myschef mekely . as meselis and oþere haue as pleyn pardoun . as plowmen þe plouȝman piers [out] hem-seluen hymselue him seluen hym siluen hymself him seoluen hym selfe hath [out] . Of For loue of For þe loue of For [out] here low herte . oure lord haþ hem y-graunted grauntid [out] here penaunce and here purgatorie . vp-on þis pleyn pur pore [nothing] [out] erthe Peres quod a prest prest þo preost þo prest þanne [out] . þi pardoun most I rede I shal For I shal & [out] construy construyn construe construe it construen it [out] euery iche eche eche a vch a euerich a the iche þe vche [out] clause . and telle teche kenne ken kennyn knowen vndo [out] hit þe on englys engelische englissh [out] . And peres at his prayer . his þat þe [out] pardoun vn-foldeþ and I by-hynde hem boþe . behelde al þe bulle bille [out] in to two [out] t[w]oRa.8.92: This is a unique instance of this spelling of the number in Ra: cf. 2.31; 3.218; 5.28, 109, 159; 6.62, 120; 9.8, 73; 11.40, 109, 275 lynys hit layRa.8.92: Bleed-through from the recto renders this word less than totally clear, and likewise parts of those in the line below. . and not a o on [nothing] [out] lettere more hit And [out] was wryten ryȝt þus . in witnesse of truþe . Et qui bona egerunt Ra.8.94: what are probably the two elements of a punctus elevatus run together here. ibunt in uitam eternam . Qui uero mala Ra.8.95: The use of a punctus elevatus is unusual at mid-line for this scribe. Though there are a couple of instances in passages of English, the form is generally limited to his rubricated lines of Latin, as can be seen from the preceding line and line 101 below. in ignem eternum . 28. Peter quod þe prest þo . I can no pardoun fynde but do wel and haue wel . and god shal haue þi soule  and do euyl and haue euyl . trust hope & hope [out] þou non oþer þan Þat And [nothing] [out] after þi deþ-day . þou shalt wende to helle þe deuyl schal haue þi soule to helle ne shalt þou wende to hel Sne schalt þow to helle þou schalt to helle for to to helle schalt þou to helle schaltou [out] . And peres þo [nothing] [out] for for pure for puire [out] tene . pulled hit a-sunder and seydeRa.8.100: and seyde is assigned to the beginning of the next line by Kane; RaT and most manuscripts divide the lines after seyde. Si ambulauero in medio umbre mortis  non timebo Ra.8.101: The Latin text in Ra moves to a second line, but it is clearly continuous: there is no capital at the beginning of the second line. mala . quoniam tu mecum es . I shal sece secyn seisyn cesse cese [out] Ra.8.102: sece appears to be this scribe's usual spelling: cf. 2.114. Ra's variant spelling here is not noted in Kane, who lists Ra, unusually, after U as witness to the spelling cese. of my sowyng quod peres . and swynke not so harde ne a-boute my lyflode bylyff belyue [out] . so busy be no more of prayeres of & of & [out] penaunce . my plow shal be ben bene bien beon beþ [out] here-after and be-loure þat I by-lowe bylowhe belouȝ beolouh lowhe louȝ lowgh lowȝe laughed lawghede love [out] ere . þey þeiȝ þeiȝe þouȝ þaugh þe [nothing] [out] liflode me fayle . X Þe prophete his pe~~...~~yne haþ hadde his peynes his payn eet his peyned hym peyned were pyned peyneden hem in peyne is fayn In praiers be occupyid [out] Ra.8.106: In addition to the last three letters of peyne, there remain two or three unfilled spaces from the erasure. Kane queries whether it was "altered from penauns (?) same hand." Since penaunce appears in the same position two lines directly above, this makes good sense. . in penauns and in wepyng by þat þe sauter vs seyþ . and so dude duden dede ded dide did dydyn don doþ [out] many oþere þat loueþ god lelly . his lyflode is þe more Fuerunt mihi lacrime mee panes die ac nocte . And but ȝif þe boke luk also seynt luk lutȝ [out] lye . he telleþ leriþ leryth lereth lerit lereȝt lernyth lerneþ byddeþ [out] vs a-noþer by foules by þe foules by birdes be folis to ben foles þat ben folys we folys [nothing] [out] þat are not buseyRa.8.111: This is a widely variant half-line in the manuscripts; Kane adopts the reading from Ra. . a-boute þe bely Ioye Non Ne [out] soliciti scitis sitis sitis & sitis dicentes quid manducemus [out] s[i]tis . He seyt in his gospel . and sheweþ hit vs fayre [nothing] [out] Ra.8.113: fayre is unique to Ra; the line break at this point is paralleled by D, which breaks the line after ous. by on an ex [nothing] [out] exaumple oure-selue to wisseRa.8.114: A following line, Kane's 8.115, is absent uniquely from Ra. Whan þe frost freseþ . fode hem by-houeth Þei haue Haue þei hauen þey ha þey [out] no gerner . to go to to gon to þerto greiþ [out] . but god fynt hem alle quod What quaþ Qwat quod Piers quod [out] þe prest to perkyn . by crist [out] peter as me thenkeþ þou art lerned lernid lettrid lettred letteryd lettret [out] a lytel . who lered lernide lernyd lerned taughte taute [out] þe on boke Abstinence myn aunte myn abbesse þe abbesse [out] . myn . a . b . c . me tauȝthe and conciens com after . and tauȝthe tauȝte tauth kennide kennyd kenned kennede [out] me moche more michell better betere [out] were þou a prest peres piers quaþ he quod he [out] . þou myȝt miȝtest mygthist mytist [out] preche when þe lykede Quoniam liRa.8.122: Two letters ?<li> appear to have been scraped after the <m>, and the erasure affected the middle of the following <l>. literaturam non cognoui . myȝthe þat miȝte [out] be þi teme. Lewed lorel quod peres . litel lokest þou on þy þe [nothing] [out] byble on salomonys sawes . litel luitel seldom selden seld [out] þou beholdest . Ecce E[j]ice [out] Ra.8.125: Kane emends to E[j]ice (the usual reading of the Bible verse (Proverbs 22:10). But there is no sign of that form, or even Eice, in any Piers manuscript; all witness Ecce. derisores ⁊& uirga iurgia virga [out] [iu]rg[i]aRa.8.125: There is no ambiguity about the scribal form uirga: the third minim is clearly dotted. cum eis ne crescant The prest and perkyn . a-posed here [nothing] [out] eyþer oþer and þorw here wordes I a-wok awook wok [out] an & [out] wayted a-boute  and saw þe sonne euere euene euen euyn [out] souþ . sytte þat tyme mete-les and moneyles . vp-on on [out] maluerne hullys . Mamelyng Musyng Meusyng And musande Mony elynge [out] on þis metelys .Ra.8.130: An eyeskip caused by a repeated [metelys] may account for the absence of the second half of Kane's 8.130 and first half of 8.131 from RaDK. Also, han is absent here from RaWa. made han mad haþ mad haþ maked had mad [out] me to studie and for peres men loue lyf [nothing] [out] þe plowman . wel pensyf in herte  for þat I saw sleping . ȝif hit so be myȝthe and Ac As Bot [out] catoun construit hit nay . and canonistres boþe . And Iugyn hem-seluen And saith hym self And seyn be hem selfe And siggen bi hem seluen And hem seluen siggyn and by hem selue And he hem selfe boþe Caton saiþ him self [nothing] [out] . Sompnia ne cures . ⁊& cetera cures ne mens humana cures nam mens est humana quod optat [nothing] [out] Ra.8.134: The Latin is neither rubricated nor underlined here. . and Ac Bot [nothing] [out] for þe bible bereþ . witnysse howRa.8.135: Kane and Schmidt place How at the beginning of next line; the line division after how appears in RaTDCh. The line divides after prophete in U J; after deuynede in V La; after dremys in K; and after oþer in Wa daniel dauid daniel daniel þe prophete [unclear] [out] Ra.8.136: In addition to the marginal addition of daniel the same hand has here underlined dauid. demede demide demyd deuynede deuyned dremyd Dyuynyd dyvyned dampneþ [out] þe dremys of a knyȝth king kyng ones kyng onys [unclear] [out] . þat nabagodonosor . iinemnedRa.8.137: The ink suggests that the minim before the initial <n> was later added by the scribe and then subsequently, even immediately, deleted by subpunction. þis clerk clerkis [out] danyelRa.8.138: The change of ink and pen nib suggests that a new stint begins with this line. seyde sire king . þi sweue sweuene sweuyn [unclear] [out] sweue[ne] is to mene . That vn-kyd an vnkynde vncouthe an vncouþe vnconyng [unclear] [out] knyȝt kniȝtes kniȝtys knihtes knytis kyng kyngis kynges men [unclear] [out] shal come . þi kyngdoum cleyme to cleyme to clayme to cleue to cle??? [unclear] [out] a-mong lowere lowar hyere lewide lewid lewed lewde lether [out] lordes . þi kingdam londis lond [unclear] [out] shal schul shuln schollyn [unclear] [out] be departed  as daniel demed demyd dymde deuyned deuynyd diuinede dyuyned deuysed demide [unclear] [out] in dede . hit by-fel befil fel feol [out] after þe king les his lordschep . lasse & lesse & lasse & false [unclear] [out] men hit hadde . And Iosep mette meruelyusly . hou þe mone and þe sunne and þe xjelleuene sterres . hayled haylsiden haylsedyn hailsede hailsed halsiden halside he heylid Falden bifore his Feed and heileden grettyn worshipt [unclear] [out] hym alle  bew Beau [unclear] [out] sire fitȝ fiȝ fisȝ filtȝ seris [unclear] [out] quod his fader . for defaute we shulle I my-self and my sones . sekyn seken seke seche [unclear] [out] þe for nede . And [nothing] [unclear] [out] hit befel as þe fader his fadir he [unclear] [out] seyde . in pharao-ys tyme þat Iosep was iustise . egypt to kepe  al þis makeþ me . on metelys to thinke many tymes at mydnyȝt . when men shulde slepe . On peres plowman þe plouȝman þe plouh mon {unclear] [out] . whych a pardoun he haueþ and hou þe prest enpugned enpugnedid inpugnid inpugnide inpugned inpugnede inpungnyd [unclear] [out] hit . al by pure be poure to pure before [out] resoun  and demed demede deuyned dyuynyd diuinede dyuyned he leuide he leued he leueth [unclear] [out] þat do-wel .Ra.8.153: The punctus is connected to last stroke of <l>. indulgence passyþ byenales and trienales . and bisshopes lettres . Do-wel at þe day of dome . is dignelyche vnderfonge he passeþ al þe pardoun . of at [out] seynt petres cherche  29. NowRa.8.157: This appears to be a slightly larger capital <N> than usual. haþ þe pope power . pardoun to graunte þe peple with a wiþoute wiþouten withoutyn apertly withoute [out] penauns . to passe to Ioye to passen to ioie to passyn to Ioye to pasyn into Ioy for to gon to ioie a pena & a culpa [nothing] [out] . þis Þis is [out] a lef a lefe a leef þe lif [nothing] [out] of oure by-leue . as lettred lettrid lettret letteryd lettered letterd lernyd [out] men vs teche techiþ techit techeþ techen shewiþ schewitȝ scheweþ [out] Quodcumque ligaueris super terram . ⁊& cetera and so I leue lely . lord forbede ellys  þat prayeres and pardoun . and penauns pardoun & penaunce & preyours pardoun & preiers & penaunce pardoun and penaunce oft tymes pardoun & penaunce preyerrs [out] ben do don doun doone doþe shal may togidres mown [out] salue saue sauen [out] to [nothing] [out] soules þat heue haue han haþe [out] h[a]ue synned synnyd sennyd sunget ysynned [out] . seuene sythes dedly . Ac Bote And [nothing] [out] to truste on þis tryenales . truly me þinkeþ hit is not so syker for þe soule . certus as as is as for to [out] do wel  for-þi I rede now ȝow ȝe þat [out] þinkeþ þinkyn þenke renkes lordes [out] . þei þat þat þan [out] ben beþ riche ben riche bene riche bien [out] on erþe vp-on trust of ȝour tresoure . trienales to haue . Be þou neuere þe bolder boldar baldere baldar Baldore [out] . to breke þe . x .ten hestes and namly nameliche nomeliche [out] ȝe þe þese [out] maystres . as meyres and Iuges  þei þei to Þat [out] haue þe welþe of þis word þe welþe of þis world þe welth of þe world þe wele of þis world welthe of þis world þe world at wille the wolrd at wylle world [out] for who-so men & wise men for Wyse men & for wysmen þat wise men & wise [out] be y-holde beþ yholde be holde ben holden ben holdyn bien holden ben holde arn holdyn [out] to purchace pardoun . and þe popes bulles .Ra.8.171: This line is missing from T D Ch and H2. At þe At þe dredful And at þe dredful At dredful [out] day of dome dom doom dom day domesday [out] . whan dede dead þe dede dedes deth men [out] Ra.8.172: The word is somewhat worn/faded. shul a-rise and come alle [nothing] [out] by-fore crist . a-countes to ȝelde ȝelden ȝeldyn yelde [out] Ra.8.173: At the end of this line and in the right margin, there is bleed-through from the rubricated words on the verso: Ra.9.17 how þou ledest þi lyf here . and his lawe keptest what þou dedust day by day [nothing] [out] . þe doum dom doom [out] wil reherse a poke ful of pardoun þere . ne ne þe ne no & with [out] prouinciales letteres þouȝ þou be founde in þe fraternite . of alle þe of alle of þe in alle among þe [out] . iiij .foure orderes and haue indulgence dublefold . but dowel ȝou ȝe [out] helpe I nolde nold ne wolde [out] ȝyue for þe þi ȝoure [out] patent of þi pardoun patentes of thy pardone patentis of pardon patentis patent pardoun [out] . o fleis on pye o pye o pie oon pye one pies on pies a pece on piȝe [out] hele  for-þi I conceyle alle cristen . to we [nothing] [out] crie god mercy and marie his moder . to ben be beo [out] mene be-twynne betwene [out] . That god ȝif ȝef gif ȝiue ȝeue feve graunte of [out] vs grace her . er here or er or [out] we gon hennys suche werkes werkis workes wurkes [out] to worche werche wirche wyrchin werkyn [out] . while whiles wyleȝ qwylis while þat [out] we ben here  þat after oure deþ-day . do-wel reherse þat at þe day of dome . we dude duden dede ded dedyn dyde wrowtyn [out] as we he he vs [variant half-line] [out] auȝthe ouȝte avghten hiȝte highte bad & tawte [variant half-line] [out] . Amen Amen Amen [nothing] [out] Explicit hic visio willelmi de petro . ⁊&cetera Et hic incipit vita de dowel . do-bet . ⁊& dobest . secundum wit ⁊& resoun . [Et hic incipit vita de dowel . do-bet . ⁊& dobest . secundum wit ⁊& resoun .]This is the "title" provided at the bottom of the previous folio [29r]. We might, however, have expected "prologus" to be supplied as the specific title for Passus 9, given that passus 10 is titled "primus de dowel," passus 11 "secundus," and passus 12 "tertius. Thus y-robed in russet . I romed I romyd I rome romed I romed I rombide [out] a-boute al a somer sesoun . for to seche sechyn seke sekyn [out] dowel  and I And I [out] frayned wel ful [out] ofte of folk þat I mette ȝif ony any wiȝt ony wyȝth ony man any with eny wight [out] wiste where . dowel was at inne . And what man he myȝthe be . of meny man I frayned askide askid askede asked [out] was þer [nothing] [out] neuere wyȝth as I wene wente went [out] . þat me wisse cowde couþe coulde [out]  wher þis lede longeþ . lasse ne no ne þe noþer and þe [out] more til hit fel befel befil was [out] on a fryday . two freres I mette . Maysteres of þe menoures . men of gret wyt and I and y [out] haylsed hem hendely . as I hadde lerned ylernid lernyd Ileorned serued [out]  and prayde hem for cherite for charite pur charite par charite besili [out] . er þei passed ferþer ȝif þey knewe knewen knewyn knew [out] ony countre . or costes a-boute . Wher þat do-wel duellyþ . doþ do [out] me to wisse marie quod þo þe þese a [out] maystres . at hom with amongs among [out] vs he duelleþ  and euere haþ as [nothing] [out] I hope . and euere shal here-after Contra . quod I as a clerk . and gan bigan comside wold [out] to disputen disputyn desputen dispute despute dispuite spute [out] . Sepcies in die . cadet cadit [out] iustus ⁊& cetera [out] Seuene sythes on þe day [nothing] a day [out] seyþ seiþ seiȝt sayþ saith [out] þe book . falleþ synneþ synnyth syngnyt sungeþ sennyth [out] þe riȝtfulRa.9.18: The second letter may at first look like a <y>, but the descender lacks the customary loop, and the underlying form is that of a <ȝ>, with an awkwardly inserted minim overlapping it. and Ac Bot [nothing] [out] who-so synnes synneþ sennyt singnyt sungeþ [out] he I as I [out] sayde seide said seiȝe saie say seiþ [out] . certes me thinkes  þat [nothing] [out] dowel and do-euel . mow not duelle to-gederes Ergo he is nis [out] nowt al-way at hom . a-mong ȝou freres He is oþer-while ellys-wher . to wissen wyssyn wisse [out] þe peple I shal sey seiȝe seye sein say [out] þe my sawe sone [out] . seyde seide saide said seiþ [out] þe frere þanne  how vijseuene syþes on þe dayRa.9.24: on the day appears in this position, and not at the end of the second half-line, only in RaU. . þe sadde man synnes by a fore-bysne quod þe frere . I shal þe fayre shewe shewen [out] . Let brynge a man in a bot . a-myddes amyddys amydde in myddis on in [out] a brod water þe wynd and þe water . and þe waggeng waggyng waggig [out] of þe bote  makeþ þe man many tyme tymes [out] . to falle and to stande for stonde he neuere so styf . he stumbleþ in þe wagging waggyng wawyng [out] . And ȝit ȝet [out] he is saf sauf safe saue saaf both hole [out] and sound . and so him by-houes behouiþ behouyt [out] For ȝif he ne a-rise rese arise þe rise þe rose þe ros þe [out] raþer . and rauȝthe þe sterne raught þe sterne rowght þe sterne rauhte to þe steorne raughte þe stere ȝede to þe sterne rawte þe stere ariȝt stere ariȝt sterede ariȝt sterid riȝt stired [out]  30. þe wynd wolde with þe water . þe bot ouer-throwe þer were þe mannys lyf y-lost lost Iloost [out] . for lachesse of him-selue . Ryȝt þus hit [it] [nothing] [out] fareþ quod þe frere . with be [out] folk here on erþe þe water is lyk liknid likned liknet lykened lekened [out] to þis þe [out] word world werld [out] . þat waxeþ and wanyes waxeth and wanyeth waxith & wanyth waniþ & waxiþ wanieþ and waxeþ wanyeþ &waxit wanyit & wexit wonieþ and waxeþ [out]  þe godes of þe þis [out] grounde . beþ be ben bet arn [out] lyk to lik to like to lykened to liknyd to lyknyt to lik lyk like [out] þe þe grete [out] wawes and Þat Riht [nothing] [out] as wyndes and wateres . wawes wawen walwyn walweth walwit waleweþ walkyn [out] a-bowte . The bot is lik liken lyknyd liknet likened leked [out] to þe body . þat brotel is of kinde and Þat [out] þow þoruȝ thoru þorow þurw þourgth þourȝt þrow thrugh [out] þe fend and þe flesh . and þe falce word werd world werlde [out]  syþen Synnes Synneþ Synnyth Senneþ Synnyt Sungeþ [out] sy[nneþ] þe sadde man . seuene sithes on [out] þe day ac dedly synne doþ he not . for do-wel him helpeþ . That And þat [out] is charite þe champioun . chef helpe of alle [nothing] [out] Ra.9.42: Ra and U alone break the line at this point. a-ȝen vij.seuene synne sunne [nothing] [out] Ra.9.43: In all other manuscripts than RaU, these first two words are placed after helpe, at the end of the preceding line. In those manuscripts, this line begins with For he strengþeþ þe. to For he strengþeþ þe to [out] stonde . he & [out] steryȝt þe stereth þe stireth þe steriþ þi stireth þi stires þi stureþ þi helpit þin [out] soule þat þey þeiȝ þeiȝe þouȝ þow þauȝ [out] þe þi [out] body bowe . as a bot bot þe boot [out] doþ on þe in þe in a in [out] water ay is the þi [out] soule saf . but þou thi-self wilt . Folwe þi fleschly flesshis flechis Flessh of þi flesche [out] wil . and þe fend fendis fendes [out] after and do don [out] dedly synne . and drenche þy soule seluen selue self [out]  god wil suffre þe to deye deiȝe deyȝin dey deyn die [out] so . for þou þiself þy self þi selue þinseluyn þe selfe [out] hast þe maystry I haue no kinde knowyng quod I . to conseyue þi wordes . And Ac But [out] ȝif I may lyue lyuen lyfnen leue go liuen [out] and loke loken lokyn [out] . I shal go lere lerne lern lernyn [out] ferþer beter [out] I by-kenne þe þe to ȝow ȝou to [out] crist . þat on þe cros deyde deiȝede deyȝid deyd diȝede diede died dyyd dyde [out]  and þei seyde þe same . saue þe fro myschauns and gif [g]iue geve ȝif ȝef ȝiue ȝeue [out] þe grace on þis erþe . in goud lyf to ende . ThusRa.9.54: The boundary for the rubricated capital <T> is marked by a vertical line. I wente wide-wher . dowel to seche sechen seken sekyn seke [out] and [nothing] [out] as I wente by a wode . walkyng myn one  blysse of þe bryddes . madenie made [out] mad[e]Ra.9.56: This form madene is unusual (and this form here is unique in Ra). Furthermore, the initial stroke of the final <e> is not its usual curved form, but rather a simple minim, perhaps the result of anticipating the following me and failing to notice the error. me to [nothing] [out] abyde and vnder lynde a lynde [out] vp-on a launde . lened I me a stounde . To lyþen listen lystyn lestnyn lerne leorne leren [out] þe layes . þe þat þat þe [out] louely bryddes birdes foulis foules [out] madyn maden [out] blisse of þe þise þis [variant line] [out] bryddes . brouȝte me a-slepe  þe meruelyouste metyng . mette me þanne þat euere dryȝt in doute . drempte driȝt in doute drempte dremide driȝt in doute dremyd dryȝt in doute dremed driȝt in dout dremyd I ȝit in dowte dremyd y dyd in doute dremid þing in drougthe dremede driht In drecchynge dremed dright in þoght dremyd wyth in drouth dremyd drighte in dede [out] as I wene . A meke muchel Muche much moche michel meche mykil [out] man me thouȝþe þouȝte þoughte þouth thowte þough [out] . lyk to my-seluen me seluen myselue [out] com Cam [out] Ra.9.63: A crease in the folio makes it appear to be con. and calde callide callid called clepede [out] me by my ryȝthe righte kynde kuynde kene propir [out] name  what art þou quod I I þo [out] . that my name knowest þat wost þou þou wost þou wotest þou [out] wel quod he . and no wyȝth wiȝt bodi man [out] betere . ?A faint, small paraph mark appears in the left margin. Wot I quod I . who art þou . thoutȝthou[ȝt] þan he seyde þanne ... quod he seyd I þanne I me seide I þenne seide he þanne [out] I haue serued seruid sewide sewyd sewed suwyd suwed swyed [out] þe þis the thes þe al þis þe [out] .vij.seuene ȝere . sey seye seiȝe seiȝ se saw seest And saw [out] þou me no raþer  art þou thout þouȝt þouth youth [out] quod I þo quaþ I quod I þo þo quod he [out] . þou coudest þou couþest coudest þou canst þou canstow const þou kant þou þow hit cowþest [out] me telle wher do-wel dwelleþ . and do me to wisse . Do-wel quod he and do-bet . and do-best þe thridde are Arn Arne Ben Beoþ [out] þre fayre vertues . and beþ ben be betȝ beoþ [nothing] [out] not fer ferre far for [nothing] [out] to fynde  who-so is meke of his mouþ . and [nothing] [out] mylde of his speche trewe of of his [out] tounge . and of his two handis . And þorw þurw thorow thoru þoruȝ þourȝt þourth bi trewe of [out] þe his [out] labour of or or bi or þrow [out] his handes hondes honde lond land londes [out] . his lyflode wynneþ . and is [nothing] [out] trost trust Trusty trusti trosty trwsty Tristy [out] of his taylende . takeþ but his owyn  and is [nothing] [out] not drunkelew ne denyous deynous dinous deignous of speche [out] . do-wel him folwyþ do-bet þus doþ . he ac he bote he & [out] doþ moche more . He is as low louȝ louh lowe lowelich [out] as a lomb . and louely louelich and louelich loueliche [out] of speche whil Whiles while Qwyl [out] he haþ haþ ouȝt [out] of his owyn owene [out] . he delyþ helpiþ helpit helpeth [out] þer most [nothing] [out] nede is  þe bagges of & [out] þe bigerdelys . he haþ broke broken brokyn [out] hem alle þat erle euer erle þe Erl [out] auarous . hadde and or or eny of or any of [out] his eyres . And with mammonas mone money mony monoye [out] . he haþ mad him frendes and is ronne to þe to into [out] relygious religious religioun [out] . and haþ rendred þe bible  and precheþ prechiþ prechit prechitȝ [out] þe peple . seynt powles wordes Libenter suffertis ⁊& cetera suffertis insipientes &c suffertis sufferte &c sufferte suffe??? insipientes [out] . þe Ȝe Ye [out] wise suffretȝ suffriþ suffreþ sufferith soffreþ suffre [out] the onwise . with ȝou for to to [out] lybbe . And with glad wil do doþ [out] hem good . for so god him hem himself hymselfe hymself bit hym biddiþ hym [nothing] [out] hyȝte do-best is a-boue hem boþe . and bereþ a bisshopes crose  y-hoked Ihokid Is hokid His hoked Yt is hoked Is hokit Is hoked Is hoket [out] at þat on ende . to holde him men hem [out] in good lyf a pyk in is in is [out] þe þat þo [out] potent . to pycche pynche pungen punge pynge punchin puttyn put [out] a-doun wickede þe wykkide [out] . That haunteþ waiten waytyn wayte wayteth [out] eny any ony ay [out] wickednesse . dowel to tene tenen tenyn teone [out] and as do-wel and do-bet . don dede ded dedyn dydyn dyddyn dude duden doþ [out] him hem [out] to vnderstonde  þey haue han hath [out] crouned a o on one [out] king . to kepin kepe depen [out] hem alle . 31. There appears to be a very faded copy of the first three words above them in the top margin. and Þat [nothing] [out] ȝif do-wel and do-bet . dedyn a-ȝenst aȝens aȝen aȝeyn ageyn [out] dobest And were vnbuxoum at his biddyng . and bold to don ille þan Þanne þen þat Þanne þe king shulde shulde þe kyng [out] come . and caste hem in prisoun  and putte putten puttyn putt put puiten case [out] hem þer in penauns . with-oute pite or grace but ȝif But & but ȝif [out] do-best prey bede beede bid bidde þe þredde bidde [out] for hem . abyde þer for euere . Thus ded[o]-welRa.9.99: Ra's de is not noted in Kane, though he does note its appearance in Wa. and do-bet . and do-best þe thridde crouned on to be king . and by [nothing] be [out] Ra.9.100: Ra's by is not noted as a variant by Kane, though Wa's form is. his here her heor hyre theire [out] counseyl wrouȝthe werchen werche worche wurche wirchen to wyrche [out]  and rewlen þe rewme . by red of hem alle RichThe writing is extremely faded, and not visible in the provided image. and oþer-wise and ellys not . but as þei þre asente . I þanked þouȝth þo . so [nothing] [out] þat he me me so had me so [out] tauȝthe and Ac Bot [out] ȝit sauoureþ me not þi seggyng . so me god helpe  anxThis may be an attempt to copy the first word and that begins the preceding line (9.104). The <an> looks plausible, the <d> somewhat less so. more kynde knowing . I coueyte to lerne lere here [out] how dowel and [out] dobet . and do-best don on þis erthe . But wit counne can con conne kunne [nothing] [out] wisse þe quaþ þe quaþ [out] þe [quod] thouȝt . where þo þre duellyn ellys wot woot not wot I þer can [out] Ra.9.108: Kane (1988) adopts not, from V; cf. Schmidt, who reads "[not I]". no man . þat now is on erthe on lyue o lyue a lyue on lyfe [out]  þouȝt ama[nd]Ra.9.109: The final minim is altered by a (much) later hand to something approximating a <d>. The original am is not reported by modern editors. I þus . þre dayes we ȝede ȝeden ȝedyn eodem [nothing] [out] disputyng on do-wel . day after oþer . And Ac Bot wentyn [nothing] [out] er we war were war wern war ware ywar were war werey were war weoren war wyst [out] . wit wit wyt wiþ wyt [out] gan we mete le[h]e was long and lene . lyk to non oþer Ra.9.112: A following line, Kane's 9.111, is absent from RaUV. sad of his sembland semblaunt semelaunt semland [nothing] [out] . and of a sad softe [out] speche I I ne and I [out] durste meue no matere . to make him to Iangle . But as I bad þouȝt þo . be mene by-twynne to putte furþ soum a [nothing] sum [out] purpos . to & [out] prouen his wittes  þanne þouȝth in þat tyme . sayde þese þes þeose þis þise [out] wordes where þat dowel and dobet . ⁊̃& dobest were beþ beoþ ben be bien byn [out] in londe . here his Here is His Oure To heryn hys To heryn [out] wil wolde I wite I witen y wite I wetyn I wyte wete y wetyn [out] ȝif wit coude could couþe couþe hym coudd me coude hym [out] teche . Passus primus de do-wel . s Sire dowel dwelleþ quod wit . not a day hennys in a castel þat kynde made . of foure kennys kynnes kene kyn kynne kunne kynde skenis skynnys skynnes maner [nothing] [out] þinges  of erþe of eyre off erthe of eyir of eir of erthe of erþe & eir of erþe & of eyr of herde & of heyre [out] Ra.10.3: eyre is most logically interpreted as ether rather than air; given the frequent scribal confusion of <y> and <þ> in this period, one might make a plausible case for emending it to eþre hit is made . medled to-gederes with wynd and with water . enioyned wittily wittylych enioyned wittylych enioynyd wittylych yioyned wittylych Ionyid wittyly enioyned wittyly enIoynyd wittely enioyned witlich enioyned ful wittiliche IMeint wyttyrly Inioynyd wiȝtliche enioynede wiȝtliche enyoyned [out] . Kynde haþ closed þer-in . craftilyRa.10.5: While the upper stroke of <f> is not connected to the upright of <t>, as is usual in the pair <ft> for Tilot (unlike his <st> which is regularly connected at the top), the crossbar of the <t> does not connect to the upright of the <f>, as is otherwise his regular practice. with-alle a lemman þat he loueþ . lyk to him-selue  Anima hit he sche heo ȝhe þat [nothing] [out] hatteþ hatte hate hette hyte hyth haþ hiȝt [nothing] [out] . to here haþ haþe hat had hadde [nothing] [out] enuye a proud prykere of fraunce . Princeps huius mundi . And wolde wynne hure a-way . with wyles ȝif he myȝthe and Ac Bote [out] kinde knoweþ þis hit hym hire hyr here his wille [out] wel . ~~...?...~~and kepiþ hure þe betere Ra.10.10: The second half-line is inscribed over a scraped erasure. and And haþ and hatȝ and had and doþ [out] do don done Idon doþ [out] hure to sire do-wel . duk of þe þise þis þese þe his [out] marches do-bet is hure damesele . sire dowelis douȝter dowter dowtir douter sistir suster . And serueþ seruiþ seruitȝ seruyd seruen [out] þis lady lely . bothe late and raþe þus dowel and do-bet . and do-best þe thridde  ben Bene Bien Be Beþ Beoþ [out] maystres of þis mare manoire maner [out] . þis mayden maydin Maide [out] to kepe þe Ac þe But þe And þe As þe [out] counstable of þe castel . þat kepyþ hem alle . ys a wys knyȝt with-alleseRa.10.17: Other instances of barred <ll> we have expanded as es. The mid-line punctus appears to hang from the end of the bar. . sire inwit þe wyt Iewet þouȝt [out] he hatteþ and And haþ and hatȝ and had and hadde and haue he haþ he hadde [out] and [haþ] fyue fayre sones . by his furste wyue wyf [out]  sire see-wel and seywel . and here-wel þe ende hende thrydde thride þredde [out] sire wyrch werche worche worch wurche wyrche werk [out] wel with þyn hond . and a [nothing] [out] with wiȝt wyȝht wytty [out] man of strengþe . Sire And sire [out] godfrey dowel go wel [out] . grete lordes alle þese þise þis þes þeose [nothing] [out] syxe beþ ben bene bien arn [out] y-set . to saue þe castel  to kepe kepen kepyn kepyn wele [out] Ra.10.23: wel [added by Kane in 1988 ed., from J] is absent from all other manuscripts. þis wymman .Ra.10.23: þise is absent here only from RaU. wise men þise wise men these wise men these sexe þes wise men þo wise men [out] ben charged til kynde come or oþer [out] sente sende [out] . and to [out] kepe here him-selue . what calle ȝe þat castel quod I . þat kynde haþ y-maked and of [nothing] [out] what kennys þing kynne þing kynnys þing is kende kynnes þing is kende cunnes þing is kuynde skyns þing is kynde kyn þing is kynde [out] . conne ȝe me telle  kynde quod he is ceatour creatour kreature creatours [out] c[r]eatour . of alle kynnes kynnys kennes kennis kenis kyn kynne kunne skyns kynde þing [out] bestes fader and formere . þe furste of alle þinges þing [out] . And þat he is he is þat is þe [out] grete god . þat gynnyng hadde neuere þe lord of lyf and of lyt lith liþ litthe liht light liȝte liȝthe lyst [out] and of peyne  aungelys and al þing . arn at his wille and Ac But As [out] man is him most lyk . of mark and of shappe shap Shape schaft face [out] . For thur þurw þoruȝ thoru þorow þourth þourȝt þrow thrugh wiþ be [out] thur[ȝ] þe word þat he warp . waxe forþ bestes and al at his wille . was wrouȝt with a speche  Dixit ⁊& facta sunt . ⁊& cetera . 32. saue man þat he made . ymage to him- seluen selue self silue [out] ȝaf him hym gost him goost goost [out] of his godhede . and graunted him blysse . Lyf þat ay shal laste . and al his lynage after þat is þe castel of þat [out] kynde made . caro hit hatteþ hatte hattith hate hette hotitȝ hyhte [out]  as moche to mene . as as a þat [out] man with þe a his [nothing] [out] souleRa.10.40: A following line, Kane's 10.40, is absent only from RaU. þurȝ þurw þoruȝ Thoru þorow ÞOrw þourth Þoruȝt Throw Thrugh [out] myȝth of þe mageste . man was y-maked . Faciamus hominem ad ymaginem nostram . In-wit and alle wittes . enclosed ben þer-inne for loue of þat lady . þat lyf is y-nempned  þat is Anima . þat ouer al in oueral in [out] þe body wandreþ ac in þe herte is hure hom . heyest heyst hiest heiyrst heiȝest hiȝest highest [out] of alle . He Heo Ȝhe Sche [out] is lyf and ledere . and and a a [out] lemman of heuene in-wit is þe help moost help halle [allie] [out] . þat .anima. desyret dyshyrith [nothing] desiriþ [out]  after þe grace of god . inwit is þe grettest þe gretteste is Inwit þat grettest is inwytte grettest is Inwitt grettest of alle þe grettest is Inwyt [out] . in-wit in þe hed . is & is & [out] an help . to þe soule . For þurȝ his cunnyng is kept . Caro ⁊& anima . in reule and in resoun . but reccheles hit make  he eggeþ eye ey eye to eiȝe þe eye þin eie aye ȝe þe i þe [out] syȝt . and hering to gode of of good [out] speche and of Of & [out] going connyng connynge good dede [out] . he is is þo euere is þe [out] by-gynnere . In mannys brayn he is is he [out] most . and myȝthiest miȝtiest mythyest mytiest sunnerist [out] to knowe þer is his boure bremest . but hot hoot ȝef ȝif [out] blod hit make  for whan blod is bremere þan brayn . þan is þe wit Inwit is is Inwit [out] bounden and ek wantoun and wilde . with-outen ony resoun . In fauntes ȝonge fauntes [out] and folys . in whan wiþ [variant] [out] hem fayleþ failiþ faylyt wanyth [out] in-wit and ek in sottes þou myȝt se . þat sytten at þe ale nale [out]  þei helden heldyn helde held heeld heldeþ holde holden holdyn [out] ale in here hed . til inwit be drenchid drenched drenchit drinchid dronchen Idrenchid Idrynchyd adreynt [out] and ben brayned branwood braynwood [out] as bestes . so here blod waxit waxith waxeþ waxed wexiþ wexit wexeþ [out] . Than haþ þe pouke power . sire princeps huius mundi ouer swiche sweche suche siche swethe [out] maner maner of [out] men . myȝt is miȝt mygth myth & mith hath myȝte [out] myȝtis in here soulys  and Ac But [nothing] [out] in fauntes and ne in ne and In [out] folys . þe fend deuil [out] haþ no wit miȝt mygth myth [out] for no werk þat þei werchyn werche worche worchen wurchen werke werkyn wyrkyn [out] . wikked or oþer oyther ne [out] ellys . But Ac And [nothing] [out] þe fader and þe frendes . for fauntes shul be blamedRa.10.67: A following line, Kane's 10.67, is absent only from RaWa. and And ȝif And ȝef And ȝif þat ac ȝif ȝif [out] þei be pore and catelles . and kepnyn and kepen to kepen to kepe to kepyn [out] kep[e]nRa.10.68: The original scribe's two minims (or n/u) has been converted by a later hand to <y>, and an unusual macron is inscribed above it. This is not reported in Kane. hem from ylle  þan is holy cherche a-wenge awynge owyng asignet holden holdyn holde beholdyn [out] . to helpe hem saue hem & saue hem from ille and saue hem at nede hem and sauen hym & saue [out] ForoRa.10.70: While Kane does note the change in the following word folyes, he does not remark on the change of Foo to Fro. foleyes and fynden fyndyn fynde fende techyn [out] hem . til þei ben wisere wysore wisare wise [out] . Ac And Bote For [nothing] [out] ech eche iche vche [out] wit wyit wytte wiȝt with mon [out] wi[ȝ]t in þis word world werld [out] wor[l]d . þat haþ understondyng vndirstandyng vndurstondyng wys vndirstonding his vndirstandyng his vnderstondyng wyis vndyrstondyng with vndirstondyng [out] is chef soueren ouer him-self . his soule to ȝeme  and chefueschyn Cheuesschen him chevessen hym cheuise hym cheuese hym cheuisshiþ hym cheuysseytȝ him cheuiseþ hym to cheuyn hym clensyn him clense hym kepyn [out] for ony any euery heny en [nothing] [out] charg charge [out] . whan qwan whan he whon he when he qwan he whan his whan þat [out] childhod passeþ saue him-self fro synne . for so him byhoueth . For werche he wel oþer wrong . þe wit is his owen þan is do-wel a duk . and þat [out] distroyeþ vices  and saueþ þe soule . þat synne haþ no myȝth miȝt mygth mith [out] to route rowte routen routyn rowten rowtyn [out] ne to reste resten restyn reston [out] . to ne ne to [out] rote roten rotyn Rooten roren [out] in þin herte . And þat is drede of god . dowel hit makeþ and is and is þe It is It is þe Þat is þe þe [out] gynnyng begynnyng gynnere [out] of goudnesseRa.10.80: The initial <g> of goudnesse appears to have been written over the ascender of an original <f>, or <s>. . god for to dowte douten dredyn drede [out]  Salomon hit seyde . for a soth tale Inicium sapiencie timor est timor [out] domini . ⁊& ceteraRa.10.82: ⁊& c here is unique to Ra. for doute men doþ þe bet . for [nothing] [out] drede is such a mayster . That he makeþ men mylde . and mek meke & mylde [out] of her here hire heore [out] speche and alle skynnys skyns skennis kyns kynne kunne kynde [nothing] [out] skoleres . in scole to lere lerynn lerne [out]  þan is do-bet to be war to beo war to ben war to be ywar to ben ywar to bene ware to byn ywar ywar seyþ be ware [out] . for betyng of þe ȝerdes ȝerdys ȝerde ȝarde [out] and þer And þerof Of þat [out] seyþ þe sauter . þe psalme þou myȝt rede . Virga tua ⁊& baculus tuus . ⁊& cetera ipsa me consolata sunt ipsa me consolata sunn [nothing] [out] Ac ȝif clene conciens acorde . and Bote þat [out] þi-self do dost doþ dot [out] wel wille Wyl whil Wilne & willet ȝerne [out] þou neuere in þis word worde world worlde werld [out] . why weye [wy] [out] for to don betere  for intencio iudicatRa.10.91: Knott-Fowler and Kane read "indicat"; Schmidt (following Alford) reads it as "iudicat." hominem hominem &c [out] . with For be [out] counseyl of conciens . a-cordyng with wit wil to of [nothing] [out] holy cherche loke þou wisse þi wit . and þi werkes after . for ȝif þou comsest comist comest gynnyst do [out] a-gayn conciens . þou combrest þi-seluenRa.10.94: This and the next six lines are written in a smaller hand to complete the verso of this folio. There is some suggestion here also of newly drawn lines, and much of the text appears to have been written over extensive scraped erasures. Since this is the last side of a complete quire, there appears to have been a need to squeeze in extra lines at the end of the quire, because the following quire had been already begun before this revision was made. This verso contains 34 lines, whereas the facing recto has only 31, as do most of the rest of the pages in this manuscript. and so witnesseþ godes word . and holy cherche chirche writ [out] after boþe boþun [out] qui agit contra concienciam . ed . adus . de . ⁊& cetera &c edificat ad iehennam [nothing] [out] Ra.10.96: The abbreviated conclusion to this quotation is problematic. Kane's queried expansion of Ra's text–edificat ad condemnationem (?) &c–is not completely convincing, but has been accepted without hesitation by Schmidt. Kane's edificat derives from . ed . and is possible. Less convincingly, however, he takes the suspension sign following ad as <con>: i.e., the first syllable of condemnationem, despite the fact that a punctus intervenes between it and de. The one unambiguous <con> suspension in this manuscript (on the next verso, 33v, at 10.142) is distinctly different in form: (con)seyued. The form after ad here is, furthermore, this scribe's regular suspension <us> (cf. Faciam<us> and hui<us> on the preceding page, at 10.42, 63; it also appears frequently in English words: e.g., fol. 34v: 10.211 and 11.3). ac ȝif þou werche worche wyrche werchist worchest wirchest werke werchif [out] by godes word . I warne þe þeRa.10.97: It may be worth noting that the two forms of þe in this line are treated differently, the first with a superscript e, the second without. beste what-so men wondryn worden wordyn seyn spekyn [out] of þe . wratthe þe neuere . catoun conceylytȝ so counselith so Counseileþ so counseilit so concelyt þe so counseilleþ to conseileþ þe to techith so techeþ þe so counseiliþ [out] . tak kepe of þis þing his tunge his teching [out] Cum recte uiuas . ne cures uerba malorum . But suffre and sit s . 33. but suffre In the upper left margin: but suffre (i.e. the first two words of the first line) have been washed out and produce a large dark stain. but suffre and sit stille . ne [nothing] & [out] seke sek sech seche sey [out] þou no ferþer . And be glad of þat [nothing] þe [out] grace . þat god haþ þe sente þe Isent sente Isent þe þe grauntid [out] for ȝif þou comsest comsist Cumse gynnyst begynne couet for [out] to clymbe . and coueytest hyere herre here heyere hier hiȝere heyrere hie to ben heiere for to risyn heyere [out]  þou myȝt þou miht þou mith þou mayt Þou myȝtist þan myȝtist þow Thow mythist [out] lese þi lownesse . for a lytel pride I haue herd hard lernyd lerned [out] when how þe how ȝow [out] lewed men . haue lered han lered han lerid haue lerned han lernid han lerned leryn lerne lerne ȝe lernyn [out] here children þat seldo selde selden seldyn seldom seelde [out] seld[e] men se þe marbel mosy men seen þe marbil mose men sen þe marbel þryuen men seyn þat þe marbil men seþ þe marbil mosseth þe merble mosyth þe marbil mosyth þe marbyl Moseþ þe Marbelston moseþ þe stone [out] . þat ofte men men ofte men oftyn [out] tredyn And ryȝt so by renneres renneris romberis romeris romers romours walkers [out] . þat rennyth renneþ rennen rennyn walken [out] a-boute . from religioun to religioun . rechelys regeles reccheles [out] þei ben þei bene ben þei [out] euere ne men þat cunne conne connen connyn konnit con conynggen kennyn [out] alle of alle in al manye mony [out] craftes . as clerkes and oþer and clergie boþe clergie it telliþ Clergie hit telleþ clargie it tellith clergie tellith clergyȝe tellith as clergie tellit clergie it techith clergie techiþ euere clergie techeþ euere clergie [it telliþ] [out] trist Thrift þruft þat thrifte þat thryf with sweche þrift [out] tri[f]tRa.10.110: Kane queries whether it might be <s> rather than <f>, the usual reading in other manuscripts, and probably what was intended here. The connection of the top stroke of the <s> and the upright of following <t> is regular for Tilot, even if he is not as regular in ensuring that the crossbar of the <t> does not connect with the upright of the preceding <s>: compare comsest (Ra.10.103 above) and apostel (Ra.10.112 below) with coueytest or pistel.

Note also the unusual 3-shaped <r> after the <o>. The word appears to be written over an erasure. or of or oþer [out] Ra.10.110: or [for oþer elsewhere] appears in RaJDVAKH. thedam þeodam þedom [out] with þo . is selden is selde is seldom is sildyn selden is seldom is seldam is [out] y-seye yseiȝe Iseygh seie yseyn seyn sene [out] . Qui circuit omne genus ⁊& cetera &c in nullo genere est de nullo genere est &c nullius est generis nullius generis est [nothing] [out] Poul þe apostel . in his pistel wrot hit in exaumple ensaumple [out] þat of how [out] swiche sweche suche suche which [out] . shulde not renne abowte  and for wisdom is writen . and witnessed in cherche chirche chirches Cherches [out] In eadem uocacione . qua vocati estis estis in eadem permaneatis estis state estis states &c [out] . Ȝif þou be manRa.10.116: The word may look like mair, but the dot that turns the final minim into an <r> appears to be in a darker shade of ink and may be a later addition or a stray mark.. It is, also, not quite the same mark as we find in his usual form of this short <r>, as in for two lines above, or five lines below. maried . monk oþer chanoun hold þe stabele and stedfast . and strengþe þi soule seluen seluyn selue selfue self [nothing] [out] to be blessed blissid blissed blesset [out] for þi beringe . ȝe þe yea a a ȝif þou a [nothing] [out] beggere biggere [out] þei þeiȝ though þowȝ þogh þow þouȝt þauh ȝyf [out] þou were loke þou grocche not on god . þei þeiȝ þeiȝe þei þouȝ þauȝ þogh þow thoughe þouȝt [out] ȝRa.10.119: There has been a later addition of a <ȝ> after the . The spelling þei in the previous line is, however, left untouched. Kane does not note this original reading in Ra here (which is shared, with that in the previous line, with JMa). he ȝeue ȝiue ȝif gyue geue [out] þe litel Be payd paide paied payid payȝid apaid [out] with þe porcyoun . pouere pore be it pore porore [out] oþer richeRa.10.120: A following line, Kane's 10.118, is absent uniquely from Ra. for þus in þus þurw þoruȝ [out] sufferauns se þou myȝt . how soueraynes a-rise arisen ariseþ [out] . and so lerned lernyd lernyt lernyth leriþ lered lerede [out] vs luk . þat lyȝede leiȝede liede lyed lyid [out] neuere qui se humiliat exaltabitur exaltabitur &c et qui se exaltat humiliabitur [nothing] [blank line] [out] . And þus of dred ⁊̃& of oure of drede & of of dred & here thour adred & of drede & his for drede & his dred of [out] dede . dobet a-risetȝ arisiþ arisit ariseþ aryse [out] whych is þe frut and þe flour flour & þe fruyt floure & þe froyt flour & þe freute fore Flour and Fruit flure & frute flour & þe frend flour & þy frend [out] . fostred fostrid fosterid Ifostrid Ifostred forstered [out] of boþe riȝth riȝt Rith Reith Rith as redily [out] as a rose þat red is and that is redd & þat red is riseth [nothing] [out] swete . out of a ragged raggid raggit raggyd [out] roteRa.10.126: The line divisions here should be noted: three lines in Kane (divided after swete and row) appear as two here in Ra, as also in T U D Ch K Wa Ma H. and as a a of out of on a [out] row rouȝ rogh rowȝ rowh rowhe Rouwe [nothing] [out] brere þat & it [nothing] [out] spryngeþ ⁊& spredeþ . þat spiceres desiren desyryn desiriþ desirit [out] Or as whete out of wed . waxeþ waxiþ waxit waxet wexith wex [out] out of þe erþe so dobest out of dobet . and dowel gynnytȝ gynneþ gynnyth gynnyt begynnyth to doþ [out] springe a-mong men of þis molde . þat meke ben and kynde For loue of her heore here [out] lounesse lowȝnesse louhnesse lownesse lowe hert [out] . oure lord ȝyft ȝiueþ ȝifit ȝif ȝef ȝaf yeveth ȝeuet ȝeuyth ȝeue [out] hem grace . Such werk werke werch worche werkis werkes workes [out] to werche worche wurche wirche werchen werkyn wyrkyn [out] . þat as [out] he his wit is wiþ be wiþ is wel þerwith is [out] payed paied paide payd payȝid ypaied Ipayid apaid apayet plesid [out] formest and ferst . to folk þat ben wedded weddid weddit Iweddyd Iweddet [out] and lyuen as here lawes lawis lawe [out] wiln wile wil will wol wole woll wel wil wele whil [out] . hit lykeþ god almyȝthi almiȝty almythy almity almyghte almyht [out] þat þorw þoruȝ þorow þurw þoruȝt þourth þour þrogh thurgh [out] wedlak þe word werd world werld [out] stant . who-so wil hit knowe knowen Iknowe [out] Thei ben be bene beþ [out] þe reychest riccheste rechest ricches riche [out] of rewmes rewmys reaumes reames remes remys realmes Reame reaume [out] . and þe rote of dowel for of here kyn kynde Kuynde kende kyng [out] þei comyn comen come kennyn [out] . þat confessoures ben nemled nempnid nempned nemyd nemed namyd callyd [out] boþe maydenys and nunnes nonnes nonne Martires marters martres maystris Mynchons [out] . monkes and ankeres ancris ankeris ankers [out] . king Kinges [out] and knyȝthes kniȝtes knyggtes knythis knytis [out] . and alle kennys kyns skynnys kyne kyn kynne cunne kenne kynde oþer [out] clerkes Barounes and burgeys . and bonde-men of tovnes tounes tounnes thounys towne [out] Ra.10.140: Kane records no variant in Ra here; it is clearly a <v>; and cf. towne in U. and Ac Bot As [nothing] [out] falce folk and feyþles feiþles feitles faythles faiþlese feithes [out] . theuys þeues thefes þeoues as þeuis as þeues schrewys schewis [out] and lyeres lyeris liers lyars leiȝeris lyȝers [out] ben conseyued conseyuid Conseyuet conseiuedid [out] in cursed time . as kaym was of on and [out] eue after After þat [out] adam and eue she [out] . eten þe appel . Aȝen Aȝens Aȝenys Aȝeyn Ageyns Ayenst [out] þe heste of him . þat he hem hym ȝow [out] he[m] of nouȝt made . an aungel in haste hast angir angyr anger a while [out] . het hete hete hyth hiȝt hiȝte made þennes [out] hem hym [out] to wende . in-to þe þis [out] wrecchede word werd world werld [out] . to wone wonen wonyn wonyen [out] and to libbe libben lyven lyue leue [out] in tene and in & [out] trauayle . in-to vnto to [out] here lyues ende In þat cursede cursed curside cursid Corsede corsed [out] constellacyoun . þei knewe to-gederes and brouȝthe brouȝt brouth Brouȝten browtyn [out] forþ a barn . þat muche bale wrouȝthe wrouȝte wrouth wrowte wrouȝten [out] kaym þei him calde hym callide hym callid hym called him callydyn hym kalledyn hem called hym clepid cleped him [out] . in cursed cursid curside corsed acursyd [out] tyme engendred engendret engendrid engenderid engendrit Ingendred getyn [out] and so seyþ þe sauter . se hit whan þe lykyþ . Concepit dolorem dolore in dolore [variant line] [out] ⁊& peperit iniquitatem & peperit iniquitatem &c & peperit iniquitate &c [variant line] [out] . Alle þat come comen comyn camyn cam [out] of þat kaym . crist hated hem hatide hem hetid hem hem hated hem hatede hatid hated [out] after and manye milyonys mylionos mylions [out] mo . of men and of wymman wymman wommen [out] and of That of Of þat Ther of [Þat] of [out] seth and his suster sistir susters [out] . swiþe siþþe sytthyn sith siþen sythyn seþþen sethen sitthe þei fele [out] forþ come for þei maried hem mariede hem maryedyn hem maryid hem maried them maried hym maried Marieden weryn maried [out] with cursed . to blode to hed with [nothing] [out] men of kaymes kynne kyn kynde kuynde kende [out] For al þat come comen comyn camyn kemyn [out] of þat kaym . a-cursed acursid acorsed cursyd cursed [out] for-þi he sente hem to hym to to [out] seye sey seyn Sem sende se[þ] [out] . and seyde sayd sende se[i]de [out] him by an aungel to kepe his kynrede fro kaym þat þat kynde kaymes [out] . þat þei þei [out] cople couple couplide covpelid couplid couplede coupled [out] not to-gedere and syþe syth sytth seth siþþe siþen siþin seþen seþþen sethin seth seeþ sem seem [out] and his soster suster sister systir suster sed susterys seede sustre seth [out] . were spoused wer spoused were spousid wern spousid weryn spousid weren spoused couplid weryn [out] to kaymes kyn T kayms kyn wiþ caymes kynne to kaymes to þat kynde togederis [out] A-gayn Ageyn & ageyn Aȝeyn Ageyns Aȝens Aȝenys Ayenst [out] godes heste . gerles girlis gerlys Gurles garlis cherlys childryn [out] þei thay hy [out] getyn geten gete geeten getten gette gotyn beȝete [out] ~~...?...~~ and [nothing] Þat [out] god was wroþRa.10.162: The first three-and-a-half words in this line are written over an erasure. with here werkes . and sayde þese wordes seyde þyse wor seide suche wordis seyde swich wordes suche wordes seide swyche wordys seyde sweche wordis seyde [out] 34. Penitet me fecisA later copy of the first three words is put in the upper margin above the words. Most of the letters have been smudged, and there is also what appears to be a smaller group of very faded and blotted words above the smudged text. Penitet me fecisse eos .i. homines hominem &c hominem [out] . and is as moche to mene . amonge vs alle þat I man maked makede makide makid made mad [out] . now hit me for-þenkeþ forþinkeþ forthingkyth ouyrthynkith [out] And cam com [out] to Noe a-non . and bad him not lette swyþe to shapyn shapen schape [out] a ship sship schippe schip shipe schyp schup [out] . of shides and of & [out] bordes him-self and his sones þre . and syþen here wyues buskede Busked Buskide Bosken Busken hem Buskyn hem buskedyn hem breme Buskym hem brymme Buskyn hem brymme Buskide hem Bring hem Bringen hem to þat bot . and byde biden bidin abydyn abide vnbydyn holdym hem [out] þer-ynne . Til fourty dayes were be ben arn hatn [out] fulfyld . þat flode haue y-wassche clene a-way awey [out] þe cursed Cursede cursid curside corsed [out] blod . þat caym haþ y-maked ymakid Imakyde Imaket maked [out] bestes þat now ben . shal shuln schul xul schulle scholyn mouwen [out] banne þe tyme þat euere cursede cursed curside cursid corsed þat cursed þat Cursede þed curside þat cursyd [out] kaym . com to com on come on cam on cam in came on com vppon on [out] þis erþe . Alle shul schulle schal xal shuln schulen schallen [out] deye dye deien deyn deiȝe deyȝyn byen [out] for his dedys . be downes and hilles boþe fysshes and foules . forþ with mid myd [out] þe oþere [out] bestes out-take viij eihte þe viij þe eiȝte þe eyte ȝe viij ȝe eyte ȝe iij seuene þe souen [out] eiȝte soules . and & of þat of of [out] eche iche vche eche a [out] beste a couple þat Put þat Putte [out] in þe sengle schynglid shyngled schynglede schyngelyd sollyd same [out] ship . shul schal xal schullen schulde schulden þat shal þat I schal þat tyme schal [out] be ben bien [out] y-saued ysauid sauyd saued [out] Ellys shul shal xal schulde schulden [out] alle deye dye dyen deyen deyin diȝen deiȝen [out] . and to helle wende weende wenden wendyn [out] þus [nothing] [out] þhurȝ þurw þoruȝ þorouȝ Thoru þoruȝt þorow þorw þourth thour þrogh thrugh [out] Ra.10.179: This is a unique instance of this spelling of the word in Ra; but cf. þherste at 5.207. cursed corsed Cursede cursid curside [out] caym . come com came cam þus come þus cam [out] care vp-on alle and al for seth seeth sem seem [out] and his children sister children suster children suster childern suster childryn soster children sisterys childeryn sustres childres sustrin [out] . spoused here spousid here spoused spousid spouside spouseden spousedin dyspousyd leyne [out] eyþer oþer eiþer oþer eþer oþer eþir oþer oþer togydere togederis childryn togedere [out] a-ȝen þe lawe of oure lord . leyȝen leyen layen lyȝen leiȝ hem ley hem loyn spousid [out] to-gederes And were weryn wern weoren [nothing] [out] maried mariyd mariede [out] at myschef . as men do now here children for some as I se now . soth for to telle for couetyse of catel . vn-kyndely be maried a carful concepcioun comeþ comiþ komsit [out] . of swich a sweche a sweche swiche such [out] weddyng As fele fel befel [out] of þis þe þo þat [out] folk . as þat [out] I [nothing] [out] before shewyd schewed shewide schewede swewed [out] hit is an vn-comly couple copil weddyng [nothing] [out] . by crist as y wene I wene me þinkeþ [out] to ȝeue ȝeuen ȝeuyn ȝiuen ȝyue ȝif weddyn [out] a ȝong wenche . to an olde feble or wedde ony any eny an Old [out] wedue widue wydewe wydowe wydow wedewe wedowe [out] . for ony any [nothing] [out] wele of godesRa.10.189: A following line, Kane's 10.189, is absent uniquely from Ra. In Ielosye Ielesye Jelousye Ielusie Ielisie iolosie gelosie gelusie gelesoyȝe Iolouste [out] ioyeles . and Ianglyng a-bedde on bedde in Bedde of bedde to here beddes [out] many a Manye Mony Sweche many Ofte [out] peyre syn þe sith þe seþþen þe siþis þe siþen þis sithe þis siþþe þis seþ þis siþes þese sen [out] pestilens . han plyȝþ pliȝt plyght plight pliht plyt plith piȝt put [out] hem to-gedere þe frut fruyt froyt fruth [out] þat þei brynge forþ . arn many foule wordes þei haue Haue þei Haue þai Han þei & [out] no children but choest cheste chestes chiding [out] . and choppys & choppis & choppes & choppus & choppyn & chappis [nothing] [out] be-twythen betwene hem bitwene hem betwen (following struck-through "togyders") togidere [out] Thei Thai þey be Þeiȝ þei þauȝ þei Though they þouth þey þow Theiȝ thei Thynk þei [out] hiden hien don done gon [out] hem to donmowe dunmowe danmowe don now done all þat þei mowen [out] . but ȝif þe deuel helpe to folwe folewe folewen folowe folow folowyn folwyn fechen [out] after þe flesche flicche flysh Flucchen flykke flyk [out] . fecche þei hit neuere but ȝif þei boþe be forswon forsworn forsworyn forswore [out] forswo[r]n . þat bakoun þei tyne for-þi I counsel alle cristen . þei [nothing] [out] coueyte not to be to ben to be ben [out] wedded weddit weddid Iweddet wedde [out] For couetise of catel . or for of [out] kynrede riche but maydenys and maydenys . ȝow to same takyn ȝou to same take macche ȝow ysamme makkyth ȝow same mache ȝou þe same mache ȝou to gederys macchit ȝow to gederis mach ȝow to geder mache ȝow to gidre matche you togeders meke ȝou to gederis marie ȝou to gyderis clen ow saue [out] wedueres Wedueris weduers Wydeweris wydeweres widewers wydowers wedewers wydewys widowes [out] and wedues wydewis widewes widowes wedewis wodewes wydoweris wedewerys [out] . werche ȝe wurche ȝe worche ȝe werchiþ werchit werchiþ riȝt werchith rith werchyþ rith wircheþ riȝt wurcheth riȝt worchet right worschupeþ [out] al-so þanne And þanne And þenne And [out] glade ȝe god . þat alle al [out] godes godis goodes good [out] sendeþ sendiþ sendit saintȝ [out] . For in my tyme vntyme no tyme non tyme tyme [out] treuly . by-twen man men Mon [out] and woymman wymman wommen wymmen womman wommon [out] Ra.10.202: A <y> is written over an original <o> probably by the original scribe. This changes his usual singular form to his plural: cf. 208 below. The macron is possibly contemporary with this later change, but mm is the regular spelling for this scribe in all of the dozen appearances of the word, singular and plural, subject and object. shuld no bedburd be . but þey were boþe clene of lyf and of loue . and of lawe also þat derne dede dede derne dede [out] do . no man ne shulde Ac As As is vset But [nothing] [out] by-twen sengle and sengle . swich siþþe sith Sithen Seþþen seþ sethin siþin But [nothing] [out] lawe haþ y-graunted ygrauntid grauntid graunted grandyd is grauntyd Iloket [out] þat euery iche eche vche [out] man haue a make . in mariage maner [out] of wedlok of wedlak and Matrimoyne IMedlet togedere [nothing] [out] . and wirche wurche worche þat wyrche þat werk worche þat werk worche þat worke werche þu þat werke werke þat werk þe werk do þat werk [nothing] [out] on his wif . and on no wymman wymmen wommon womman [out] ellys ......The blots before this and the next line obscure some now-unreadable letters. þat oþer-gates beþ be bet ben [out] y-goten ygeten I getin geten getyn gotten goten gotyn [out] . gadelynges for gadelynges gedelyngus gadlynge [nothing] [out] ben holdyn ben holden beþ holden arn holden [out] And þo [nothing] þat [out] ben false folk . and false eyres al-so Ra.10.210: The line ends here in RaUDK. U is missing the next line: the result of a missing leaf. fundelynges and lyeres lyȝers lyerys lyers liars folis [nothing] [leiȝeris] [out] Ra.10.211: Knott-Fowler, Kane, and Schmidt follow T (and others) and include these first three words at the end of the previous line. vngracious . to gete loue or eny any ony [out] goud ellys but wandryn wandren wandren aboute wanderin wandriþ wandrit wandritȝ wandreþ wandres [out] as wolues as woluys os wolwys as wlfis & walwes [nothing] [out] . and waste wasten wastyn wastiþ wastit wasteþ [out] ȝif if what þat what þat [out] þei mowe a-ȝen Aȝens Ayenst Aȝeyn ageyn [out] do-wel þei þai thay hy [nothing] [out] don eyuel yuel euele euyl vuele ill hille [nothing] [out] Ra.10.213: The first <e> may have begun with the first stroke of a <y>. . and þe deuel plese plesen plesyn pleasen [out] And after here deþ-day . shul xul shal shuln schullen scholyn schallen [out] duelle with þe same but ȝif god ȝif ȝiue geue [out] hem hym [out] grace . here to a-mende þan is do-wel to dredyn dreden drede þreden [out] . and dobet to suffren suffre suffryn sufferyn suffuryn [out] and so comeþ comiþ dobest komyt dobest cometȝ dobest [out] a-boute . and bryngeþ doun mody and þat And þat [out] is wicked wil . þat manye werkes werk worke mannis werkis wight men [out] shendeþ shendiþ schendit [out] Passus secundus de do-wel . t Thanne hadde wit a wif . was hote was hoten þat hote þat hatte þat hiȝt þat hyte & heithe [out] dam stodie þat lene was of lych . and of low lowe louh loþly loutȝ lo[uȝ] [out] chere she was wonderly wroþ . þat wit þus me me þus so so me [out] tauȝþe tauȝte taugthe tauthe tauth taght tawte [out] and al [out] sternely starynge . dam stodie sayde seide [out] . Wel art þou wys wit quod she . my any eny ony [nothing] [out] wisdam wisdom wisdomis wysdomus wysdams [out] to telle 35. y to flatereres or to folys . þat frentyk ben in of [out] wittes and blamed blamyd blamede blamide [out] him and banned him & bannyd hym and bannyd hem bitterly for his Beere [nothing] [out] . and bad him be stille With swyche sweche suche [out] wise wordes . to wissen wyssyn wyssyn wisse [out] eny any ony [out] folys . And seyde . noli Nolite [out] mittere man . margeri perlys a-mong hogges þat hauyn hauen haue han [out] . hawes hawys hawen [out] at wille  þei don do done doun ben [out] but drauelyn dreuelyn drauele dreuele drevile dreueler [out] þer vp-on þeron on þe [out] . draf were hem leuere þan al þe precious perre perrie Peerles [out] . þat in parades waxeþ wexiþ wexit wexeþ waxith waxit waxxes waxen growith growit I sey say sigge [out] by þo quod she . þat shewe shewen schewen schewyn schewith schewit werchin [out] by here werkes þat hem were leuere lond . þat & or [nothing] [out] wirchepe lordsshipe lordschupe lordschep lordschipes lorschips [out] on erþe or rychesse or rentes . and reste at here wille þan þen al Þanne alle [out] þe soþ sawes . þat salomon seyde euere euere (added later) [nothing] [out] Wisdam Wisdom [out] and wit now . is not worþ a roysche rosche ressche reissche risshe Russche [out] but hit be carded cardit cardyd cardet carket caried carpyd menkt [out] with conciens qweyntyse coueitise [out] . as cloþeres don her here heor [nothing] [out] wolle þat can construe deseytes deseites disceytes þe deseites [out] . and conspiren conspire Conspiret [out] wronges The marks in the left margin, immediately before and appear to be offset from ink on the opposite page. and lede forþ þe a [out] loue-day . to lette þe truþe treuþe [out] . Þat swicham swyche sweche swedche suche shch [out] swich a[n]Ra.11.21: There is no space dividing the <h> from the <a>, but there is no such word recorded elsewhere. Kane transcribes it as swichani, but there is no "dot," or other distinguishing feature, on any of the minims to mark the first or last an . This is not, however, entirely unusual for Tilot: cf. the in three lines below. But neither <ain> (nor <ani>) nor <am> make good sense here; hence the proposed correction, with "swich an" meaning "a person of the sort indicated; such a person". See MED s.v. on (pron) 1d. . kan do can craftis conne craftis con craftys kan craftes connen craftes cunnen craftys can doun craft kan do craftes do can [out] . is cleped to counseyl ben yclepid to counseil ben clepid to councel ben cleped to conceile be cleped to Counceyl to counseil beoþ Iclept to counceile is cleped to councel es clepyd to counsel is callid to consaill is called [out] and is ben bene bien arn [nothing] [out] serued seruid servid seruyd Iseruyd Iserued [out] as a sire seris syrys sires [out] . þat serueþ servith serue seruen seruyn sewit sweyn of folweþ [out] þe deuel deuil deuyl devile deuylis lore deuels lore deuelis loris lore [out] Ra.11.22: A following line, Kane's 11.23, is absent uniquely from Ra. Quare impiorum uia impiorum via impiorum [out] properatur preperatur preparatur prosperatur prosperabitur preparabitur probabitur [out] bene quod bene ve ve ve [out] est omnibus . qui praue ⁊& inique agunt agunt & inique & inique agerunt [out] . And he þat haþ holy writ . ay in his mowthe mowþe mouthe mouþe mouþ mouth mouȝt [out] and can telle of theologie tobyȝe tobie [out] . and of þe xijtwelue apostolys apostlis apostelis appostoles [out] or prechin prechen preche [out] of þe penans . þat pilatus wrouȝthe wrouȝte wrouhte wrougthe wrowht wrouth [out] to Iesu þe Ientyl . þat Iewys to-drowe On cros crois [out] vp-on calwarie caluarie [out] . as clerkes vs techyn techen techiþ techit techitȝ techeþ telleþ [out] lytel is he loued or late lete leten letyn lettyn sett [nothing] [out] by . þat such a lessoun teches techiþ techitȝ techeþ lerith Redeþ schewith schewit scheweþ [out] or damseld dauncelid dauncelyd daunselit Daunseled dawenseld daunsels dauntid daunted daunteþ honourid hoso can daunce daun[cel]id [out] da[un]seld or drawe forþ . þis þise these þes [nothing] [out] disoures wite þe soþe for ȝif harlotrie ne holpe holp halpe halp helpe help [out] hem betere . so [nothing] [out] haue god my truþe trouþe treuthe trewþe soule [out] More þan musyk or makyng . of god almyȝthi almiȝt almyȝty almyȝte almithi almyti [nothing] [out] wolde neuere king ne knyȝt . ne chanoun chanouns canoun [out] of seynt powlys ȝeue ȝeuen ȝef Ȝiue ȝyuyn ȝif [out] hem to here ȝersȝeue ȝeresȝeue ȝerysȝeue ȝerisȝiue ȝeres ȝiue ȝeres ȝyue ȝeris ȝifte ȝerys ȝyfte ȝerisȜeft service [out] . þe value of a grote ac But BOte For [nothing] [out] menstracie Menstralsie Mynstralsy mynstralcy mynstralcie mynstralsyȝe Munstralsye mynstrelles [out] and merþe . among men is nowþe lecherie and losengrie losengerie lecherie rebaudie bysmeryȝe [out] . and broþelles losell.. loselis [out] talys . And [nothing] [out] glotonye Gloteny glotenie glotenyȝe geten gold [out] with & [out] grete oþes . þes are þise arn þis arn þese arn þes arn þes arn her arn beoþ buþ is [out] gamenys now-o-dayes now adayes now on days on dayis now [out] and Ac Bot [nothing] [out] ȝif þei carpen of crist . þes þese þise þis þe [out] clerkes and þes þes þese þise þis þe [out] lewed lewede lewid lewyd lewd lewde lewede men lewid men [out] at At þe Atte [out] mete in here in her in heor & at [out] merþe . whan menstrales menstralis menstrelles mynstralis mynstrallis mynstralles mynstrals mynstrelis Munstrals [out] faylen be stille [out] . Than telle þei of þe trinite . how two slowe þe þredde þridde [out] and bryng bringe bryngen bryngyn bringeþ Bryngith bryngyt [out] forþ a balled Ballede ballid ballyd [out] tokne resoun take Resouns tak take ... & ... reson resun ... take takyth resoun toke resoun and takeþ resoun ... & takyn resoun & taken Reasoun & take [out] . bernard to witnes and putten puttyn potyn putte put putteþ puttit puyteþ [out] forþ forth a a [nothing] [out] presumpcioun . to prouen prouyn proue preuyn preue [out] þe soþe þus þei drauelyn drauelen dryuelen dryvylyn dreuelen dreuelyn [out] at here des dese deis dees dysch [out] . þe deite to knowe . And gnawe gnawen gnawyn knawe gabbyn demeþ [out] god in þe here her [nothing] [out] gorge goorge þrote þrotes [out] . when whon whanne qwan [out] here þrotes Gottus guttis [out] fullen ac þe carful may crien criȝen carpen [out] . and carpe at þe gate ȝate [out] boþe for hunger and for thrist . and for chele qwake quake quakyn quakiþ quakeþ [out] þer is Is þer Is Nis [out] non to nemle nymen nyme neme nemyn meuen takyn [out] Ra.11.47: See MED nemelen (v). And cf. y-nempled at 11.108. him in . ne angwys his angwys his anguyssh his anguysch his noie is noye his nuy his anoye his noyce his disease hys auyr [out] a-mende But honushe honysche hunsen honesshen comaundin ... out huschen hoynyn on hold ... out honesschen comaundyn out [out] Ra.11.48: What may be transcribed (as by Kane) as hounshe is arguably honushe, given this scribe's somewhat ambiguous location of his macrons. Either reading may serve as an alternative for MED honishen: the spelling is unique to Ra. But cf. variants like hunsen in T Ch H2; honysche in U, honesshen in D, and honesschen in V. him as an hound . and hote hoten hotyn hunte [out] him go þennys þennes þenis þens þenne hennys [out] lytel loueþ he þat lord . þat leneþ al leneþ hym al leniþ hym al lenyth hym al lenyth him al lent hym alle lonyt hem al levith hym al leneþ hym leneþ him leniþ hym [out] þat blysse þat þus parteþ partiþ partin parten [out] with þe pore . a parcel whan him nedeþ nediþ nedit neodeþ [out] ne were Nere Neore [out] mercy in mene men . more þan in riche . Manye Many Wiþ Mony [nothing] [out] mendynauns mendynantȝ mendinantes mendenawtes Mendicans men pore men defauti [Mendynauntȝ] [out] metelys Meeles meteles [out] . myȝt go to bedde god is mechel mechyl mychel mochel michil muche meche [out] in þe gorge þrote mouth [out] . of þes þis thise þies þese þeose þe [out] grete maystres and Ac Bot [nothing] [out] a-mong mene mean [nothing] [out] men . his mercy is in & his [out] werkes and so seyþ þe sauter . sek seke seek sekyth seche sech se [out] hit in mementote Me memento Memento [out] Ecce audiuimus eum eam [nothing] [out] eufrata effrata [out] . inuenimus eam in campis silue . Clerkes and keddemen kete men ked men kydde men kid men grete men courte men cowrte men [out] . carpen of god faste and han haue han hym haue hym [out] mechel mechil mochel mychel muchel mekul muche much moche [out] in her here heore [nothing] [out] mowtȝ muþ mouþ [out] . and ac bot an [out] many mene mean fewe [out] men in herte freres and faytores han founde founden foundyn fonden fondyn [out] vp suche questiouns to plese pleise plesen plesyn plesse [out] with prude proude þis proude þe proud poure pore [out] men . syn siþen syþin sithe siþ sethin seþe seþ seþþe [out] þe pestelens tyme . That defouleþ defouliþ defoulit defoulen defoulid [out] oure feyþ als feyth fayth faiþe false face ?fase Fey f[eiþ] [out] . at festes festis þe feste [out] þer þei sytten for now is ech iche ich vche eche euery [out] boye bold . and he be riche for [nothing] [out] to telle tellen tellyn talken [out] of þe trinite . to ben be beon [out] holde holden holdyn howldyn Iholdin [out] a sire and fyndeþ fyndiþ fynte fynt fyndyn fyde [out] forþ fantasies . oure feyþ to a-peyre . And eke to [nothing] [out] defame þe fader fadir fadur father [out] . þat vs alle made and carpen carpyn carpeþ carpith carpide Craken [out] a-ȝen aȝens aȝeyn ageyn ageyne of [out] clergie . crabbede crabbide crabbyd crabbed crappede crambit [out] wordis whi wolde our saueour suffre . such a werm wyrm worm [out] in his blisse 36. þat beRa.11.68: There is a stray later dark mark over and to left of the bottom of the initial of be.-giled begilede begylyd be gyles begile bi gyle he gilide he gyled deceyuyd [out] þe womman . and þe wey wy why man worm [variant line] [out] after . Thurȝt Thrugh þorgh Thorw Þour ÞoruȜ Thorow þourth Þoruȝt [variant line] [out] which wheche wiche qweche whiche a wiche a swyche a such wykkyd who is [variant line] [out] werk and wille . þei wente went wenten wentyn wenton [variant line] [out] to helle and al oure here her heore [out] sed for þat here her [nothing] [out] synne . þe same wo suffred suffrede suffride sufferid suffurd suffryn suffren suffreþ drien such suffre moten [out]  swiche Suche Sweche [out] notes motes motifs Motyues moteyuys motyngys motetys maisties [out] þei meuyȝt meuen meuyn meue mouen moue [out] . þis þis þese þes þies [out] maystres in here glorie and make me men [out] me[n] to misbileue . þat mousen mousin mowsyn musen musyn musit leuen leeuen [out] in on [out] here wordes Ac austyn þe hore olde elde old clerk bold holy man [out] . for alle swiche sweche sweche men suche siche [out] precheþ prechide prechid prechede preched prechet precheris prechouris [out] and for suche tale-telleres . such a teme shewyþ scheweþ shewide schewid schewede schewed iseyde [out]  Non plus sapere quam operortetRa.11.75: Kane transcribes the word as oportet, the word's proper Latin spelling;, but the barred descender nowhere else in this manuscript deserves that interpretation: it is always <er> or <ar>. sapere [nothing] &c sapere &c sapere et sapere ad sobrietatem [out] . þat is to say þat is to sey Þat is to seie That is to seyn That is to seyne þat hys That þis þis That is [variant line] [nothing] [out] Ra.11.76: The clause (included in Knott-Fowler) is not in Kane or Schmidt, who continue this line to god wolde wilneþ willeþ wil ȝe wyl is ne wilneþ ne wilnehþ me willeþ wilneþ ȝe Coueytyth [nothing] [variant line] [out] . neuere ne were were neuer [nothing] [variant line] [out] to for to [nothing] [variant line] [out] wyte why þat god wolde suffre satan . his sed to by-gile . Ac by-lef beleue belef be leef beleueþ leeueþ [out] lely lelly treuliche trewly holych holely [nothing] [out] on þat on þe in þe þe of [out] lord leue lore [out] Ra.11.78: There is a later correction of lore to lord in H2. . of holy cherche Churche chirche [out] and pray preye [out] him of pardoun and penauns by be in here in [out] þi lyue and for his moche meche muche much muchel muchel mochel mychel [out] mercy . to a-mende vs here for al þat willeþ willet wilneþ welyn wole ȝernyth [out] to wyte . þe weyes weyis weys ways whyys werkes werkis wordes priuytes [nothing] [whyes] [out] of god almyȝthi almyȝte almyȝty Almihti almythy almyti almiȝt [nothing] [out] I wolde his eye eiȝen eyȝe eȝe Ie [out] were wer weore wern [out] in his ers eres ars hars taile [out] . and his hele after þat euere wilneþ willit wold eft wilneþ eft willeþ oft wylyn wilneþ eft [out] . to wyte whyRa.11.83: Modern editors continue this line with þat god wolde: i.e., the beginning of the next line in Ra.  þat god þat god wolde þat god woolde god wolde [out] suffrede Suffren Suffryn suffre Suffer Suffur Soffre To suffre Suffre so [out] satan Sathan sory sathan þat schrewe satan satan þe vnsaut Sathan vnsaght [out] . his sed to by-gile or Er Oþer Eythyr [out] Iudas þe Iew . Iesu be-trayede betrayed betrayȝyd be trayen betraye to betraye to betrayȝe [out] Al was as he wolde . lord y-worcheped Iworscheped I wyrchepid yworsshipid Iworschipped yworshipt worschiped worscheped now worchepid Iheried thankyd heried [out] þou be be þou be þe be to the be he be [out] and al worþ as þou wilt . what-so we telle . and now comeþ comyth comiþ comeþ comiþ comyn konnit [out] conioun a conyon a Congyoun a congeoun a congoun þies conyon [out] . and wolde cacche of my wittes what is do-wel fro do-bet . now def mote he worþe Swiþe Siþen siþin Sith Sytthyn Siþþe Sethyn Seþe Seþ Sþe Sire [out] he wilneþ to wyte . which þei ben alle but ȝif But [out] he leue loue lyue lyf lyue lely [out] in þe leste day degre [out] . þat longeþ to do-wel  I dar be his bolde borwȝ boruȝ borgh borowe borow borwe borw bourth [out] . þat [nothing] [out] do-bet wil we wil he wile he wele he wol he nyl he nul he schal he xal he [out] neuere þow Thou Þeȝ Þeiȝe þey þouȝ thogh þauȝ [out] do-best drawe on him . day after day day aftir oþer day after oþer day after other day aftur oþur day after oþur day aftre oþer halfe a day after day aftir othire [out] . And whan þat wit was war . how his wif tolde he by-come be come bicom bekam becomiþ come [variant half-line] [out] so confous confus confuse confius copnfusyd confoundet coy confers [out] . he coude couþe could [out] not nouȝt nouth nowt [nothing] [out] mele  and [nothing] [out] also dom dome dowme doumb dombe [out] as a dore . drow & drow drouȝ and drouȝ drogh [out] him a-syde ac for no carping þat he þat i I [out] cowde couþe could [out] . ne knelyng to þe grounde . I myȝte gete no greyn greyne grayn grayne graunte gayn [out] . of his grete wittes but al al lauȝinge he al lauȝynge he al laughyng he al laghyng he alle lawhyng he al lauȝwhinge he al lawqwyng he al lauwynge he al lawynge he al louryng he [out] loutede louted loutide loutid loutydde lokede [out] . and loked lokede lokide lokyd [out] vp-on stode stody stodie stodye studie dame studye [out] in sygne þat I shulde . seken beseke besekyn be seche bisechen besechin prey [out] hure hire hir here her [out] of grace here grace his grace [out] and whan I was ware of his wile . to his wif gan I knele And sayde said seide [out] mercy madame . ȝour man shal I worþe for to werche ȝour wil . whil while wil qwyl the while þer whiles [out] ȝour my [out] lyf durith duriþ duryth dureth dureþ lasteth lastith [out] . to [nothing] [out] kenne me kyndely . to knowe what is do-wel for þi meknesse man quod she . and for þi mylde speche . I shal kenne þe to my cosyn . þat clergie hotuþ hoteþ hotyth hotith hotit is hoten is hotyn is hote is Ihoten is hoteþ [out] he haþ wedded a wif . with-inne þis þise these þes [nothing] [out] wykes wekis woukes wokes wokis wougys [out] sexe sexxe sixe vj [out]  is syb to þe sefne seuene [out] ars . þat scripture is y-nempled I nempnyd Inempnet Inemelid nempnid nempned nemned namyd nemyd hotyn [out] Ra.11.108: This hapax should be taken as a variant of nembled, p.ppl. of nemelen (v): cf. 11.47 above. þei two I as I as Ich [out] hope . after my be-seching besekyng besekyn byddyng wissynge [out] shul Xul Schal Shuln Schulyn Scholyn [out] wisse þe to do-wel . I dar wel vndertake þan was ~~....~~I as a [nothing] [out] Ra.11.111: I as is written over an erasure. fayn . as foul of fayr morwen morwe morwyn morewen morowen morowe morne morn [out] gladdere þan þe gluman gleman glewman glewman gleo Mon [out] . þat gold haþ to ȝifte And axked axkid axide axed askyd asked askede [out] hure hire hyr here her herre [nothing] [out] þe heyway hey wey heye weye heiȝe wey hiȝe way hye wey hye way hie waye eie wey [out] . wher clergie wonde wonyd woned wonede wonide dwelt duellyd duellede dwelleþ wel dwellid [dwell]ide [out] and tel me sum tokne of to [out] him . for tyme is þat I wende Axke Axe Aske Axe þanne I schal teche þe [out] þe heyway hye way hye wey hey wey heye wey heiȝe wey hiȝe wey hiȝe way eie wey wey [out] quod she heo ȝhe [nothing] [out] . fro from [nothing] [out] hennys to suffre bTransposition letters. Kane properly does not hesitate to refer to these as in the hand of the "original scribe." This transposition of the lines is unique to Ra. and ride rid [nothing] [out] forþ by rychesse . rest Reste ac rest ac reste but byde bot trust but rest & reste & rest [out] þe þou [nothing] [out] not þer-inne a boþe wel and wo . ȝif þat þou wilt willt wit wile wolt [out] lerne for ȝif þou couple comple couplest couplist cowpelest coplest copplyst compleinyst [out] þe with him . to clergie comest þou neuere And ek þe longe launde . þat lecherie hatteþ hattyth hatte hate hette hotte hauntith hauntid [out] lef Leue Lete [out] him on þi lyft luft left [out] half . a large mile and an or oþer othir [out] more til þou come to a court . kep kepe [out] wel þi tounge fro From For [out] lesynges and lieres lyȝeres liȝeris liȝers lither lethyr lether ledur li[þer] [out] speche . and lykerous drynkes Than shalt þou se soberte sobirte sobrete sobryete sobernes sobre [out] . and symplenesse sympilnes symplesse simplite symplete sympulte sympel symple [out] of speche þat iche wit wiȝt wyȝth wyth man mon [out] be in wille . hit his [out] hi[s] wit þe to shewe shewen Schewyn [out] so shal þou shalt þou schaltow [out] come to clergie . þat can many þinges thenges thingis thyngus wyttes [out] and [nothing] [out] sey him þis signe . I set him to skole . And þat I þou [nothing] [out] gete grete gret grette [out] grete wel his wyf . for I wrot him hire hyr here her [out] þe bible and sette hure hire hir here her [out] to sapience . and to þe hire hyr here her [out] sawter y-glosed yglosid Iglosyde Igloset glosyd glosed [out] logyk I lerned lernyd lerid lered servyd [out] hure hire hyr here her [out] . and al þe lawe after 37. And al þe mosouns musons musonys musionis moysons musun [out] of mosyk mesik musik nusik [out] . I made hure hire hyr here her [out] to knowe knowe alse knowe also knowe after [out] Plato and þe [out] poete . I putte hem [nothing] hym [out] furst ferst first frist [out] to boke aristotle and oþer mo . I tauȝthe furst to argue I tavghten to argewe I tawte ferst to argue to arguen I tauȝte to arguyn I taugthe to arguyn first I tawte to argue I taugthe to argue I taght to argue I tauth to argeu (?argen) I tauȝte [out] Grammere for gerlis gerlys gerles girles gurles Children childryn childeryn [out] . I gar garte gert gan gon made [out] furst to ferst to first to frist to ferst first furst [out] wryte and bet hem with a baleys . but ȝif þei wolde lerne and Of Off For [out] alle kenne ken kennes kynne kyn kynnes kyns kuynis (?knyuis) skynnys Maner [out] craftes . I construed contreuide contreuid contreved contryvyd contryued contrued contrewed counterfetyd con Counterfeten [out] here to lerne hure ferst to lere here [nothing] [out] Ra.11.135: In addition to Ra, five other manuscripts (T U D Ch D) break the line here. Tolus Tolis toles toolys talys her toles heor tooles firste her tolys [nothing] [out] of carpenteres and kerue kerueris keruirs carueris carvers [out] . I tauȝþe I tauȝte I tauþte I kennyd & I kennyd & kennyd & kenned & kende [out] ferst first furst fryst & [out] masouns and lerned lernide lernyd lered [nothing] [out] hem hym To wyrchyn with [nothing] [out] lyne and leuel leuel & lyne lyuel & lyne [out] . þow þouȝ þouȝe þogh þauȝ þeiȝ þei [out] I lokede lokyd loke [out] dymme And Ac Bot [nothing] [out] thologie theologie [out] th[e]ologie þat haþ hat hatȝ hayt [out] tened tenid teoned tenyn [out] me . ten skore tymes for þe more I muse þer-on . þe mistlikere mistlokere mystloker mystlyere misteliere mistiere derkore [out] hit semeþ semiþ semith semyd [out] And þe deppere I deuyne hit deuyne deuyned deuynid deuynide dyuynyd diuinede dyuyned dyuened [out] . þe deppere derkere dyrker darkar drykere Mistiloker [out] me hit me hit I [out] þouȝþe þougthe þouȝte þoght þowte thynkyt semed [out] hit is no sciens for soþe . to for to [out] sotile þer-inne Ne were þe loue þat lyþ þer-inne . a wel lewed lewid lewd lewde [out] þing hit were ac for hit laft last lat lateþ let letteth set [out] la[s]tRa.11.143: Tilot regularly avoids connecting the top of the <f> to the downstroke of a following <t>, and less regularly refrains from connecting the crossbar of the <t> to the ascender of the <s>, as in the next word best. The context favors last as the intended word, the form found in U H. Other instances of this error by Ra's scribe are: fastyng (5.155) and trift (10.110). And see also craftily(10.5). best by loue . I loue hit þe betere for þer þat loue is lord . balkeþ lakkiþ lackyt lackyd lakkeþ lakked lakkede þer lackith þer lakkeþ þat lakkede [out] neuere grace leue lely þer-on . ȝif þou thinke þenke þink thinke to thynk to [out] do wel . for do-bet and do-best . ben drawe drawen drawyn [out] of loues scole scoole skile skille skele lore [out] in oþer sciens hit seyþ . I say saiȝ seyh see seo sawȝ saw [variant half-line] [out] hit in catoun . qui simulat similat similiat [out] verbis . uel nec non hic non [out] corde est fidus amicus . Tu quoque fac simile . sic ars deluditur arte .Ra.11.149: This line is found in Ra D J K Wa Ma, but not in the other witnesses to this passage: T U Ch H2 V A H. Ac theologie techeþ vs techiþ vs techit it techeþ it tellyth tellit telleþ teneth techith techeþ [out] not so . who-so hoso hose who [out] takeþ takiþ takit take [out] hede he kenneþ kenniþ kennes kennys techeþ techyth [out] vs þe contrarie . a-ȝen aȝens aȝenys ayenst aȝeyn & aȝens of [out] catounys wordes and byt bid biddith biddeþ bidit bidded [nothing] [out] vs ben as breþren . and blesse blysse blessen blessyn blissen blissyn [out] oure enmys enmyys enmyes enemys enemyes ennymyes fomen [out] and louen hem þat lyen lyin liȝen lyȝyn leiȝen [out] on vs . and lene lenen lenyn lenyin lenden [out] hem at oure here her heor [nothing] [out] nede and do good a-ȝens ageins ageynes ageynst aȝenys aȝeyn a[g]ens euyl . god him-self hotes hotiþ hotit hoteþ biddyth [out] and seyde hit him-self . in exaumple ensaumple [out] of for [out] þe beste Necesse est vt veniant scandala . Ac Bote but And [nothing] [out] astronomye is hard þing . and euel euil yuel vuel [out] for to knowe gemettrie Geometrie Gomatrye Gemetrie Geementryȝe [out] and gemessie geomesie geemessye Gemensye [out] . is greful gryfful gynful gilefull gynner synful [out] of speche þat thinkeþ werche werche werche worche worcheþ to werche to werchin to wyrchyn to worch dele [nothing] [out] with þo þre . thryueþ wel late for sorcerie is þe souerayn boke . þat to þat sciens longeþ longiþ longit [out] ȝut Ȝet ȝit [out] are ar arn [out] þre þere þer þre þer iij þe [out] fybicches fybychys fibiches febicchis febucches fibeches fybytthys febuthis febecythis febeles [nothing] [out] of forels Forellis forelles forelis forolis forelle [out] of manye mannys manis mans mannes menys mens mennes [out] wittes of [nothing] [out] experimens Expermens Experimentis experimentis Expimentis [out] of alkononye alkonomye alkenemye alkenamy alconamyȝe alknamye alcamie alcomie [out] alkono[m]yeRa.11.162: Kane fails to note that Ra's form is one minim short of alkonomye, which is the spelling in D V J Wa. . of albertes albertis albertus Alberdes beerdis [out] makyng Nigramauncie Nygramauncie Nygramancy Nigramansie Nigromancye Nigromancie Nygromancye Nigirmancie Nigromauncy Nigramancyȝe [out] ⁊̃& permancie perimansie perymancie peramancie pernirancy [out] . þe pouke to reyse reise reisen reysyn areysen areisyn areise Rise makeþ [out] ȝif þou thinke þinke think þenke þenche [out] do wel . del deile dele medil [out] þer-with neuere al þese þes þeose þise þis þies [out] sciences sikerly sekyrly sikir siker sicre seker [out] . I my-selfRa.11.165: founded ends this line in RaUTDChH; modern editors divide the line after my-self, and begin the next with Foundit, for alliterative reasons. founded Foundit foundite foundide Haue Ifounded founded And founded founded And made made Fownded foundyd in feth foundyd in feyth fondeth in feith formed In fayþ [out] hem formest . folk to for to [out] deseyuen dysseyuyn desceyue [out] I be-kenne þe crist quod she I can teche þe no betere I sayde gramercy graunt mercy gremercy [out] madame . and mekly hure hire hyr here her [out] grette and wente witly wiȝtly withly wytely whithly wiȝth in liȝtliche forþ on [out] my way wey [out] . with-oute more lettyng and fond as she fayre tolde foretolde aforn tolde has told [out] . ⁊& forþ gan I wende and er I cam came com come coome [out] to clergie . coude I neuere stynte I grette þe godeman . as me þe gode-wif þe gode wyf me þe good man me stody me [out] tauȝthe tauȝte taugth tauthe tauth taght taute [out] and tolde him hire hyr here her hem [out] Ra.11.173: Ra's unique reading him is no doubt explained by the absence of the line which precedes this in other manuscripts: i.e., Kane's 11.171. þe toknes . as þat [out] me tauȝth tauȝt taugth tauth taut taute ytauȝt I tauȝt Itauȝte I tawȝte told [out] were was neuere gome grom grome man [out] vp-on þe [nothing] þis [out] grounde . syn siþþe syth sithen sythin seþ seþþen [out] god made mad makid makeþ [out] heuene fayrer Fayrere Fairer Fairere Feirore [out] vnderfonged vnderfongyd vndirfonge vndyrfongen vndirfongin [out] . ne frendlikere frendlekere frendloker frendliere frendliar [out] mad at ese Than my-self soþly . so sone as she as heo as þey so she so þai heo he þey [out] it wiste þat I was of wittes hous . and & of & wiþ [out] his wif dam stodieRa.11.177: Two lines following this, Kane's 11.177-178, are absent from RaDWa. and I seyde him seyde hem seide seyd saide sayd seiȝe [out] sikerly sootȝly soþliche [out] . þei sente me hyder To lere lerne leorne lernyn [out] at ȝow do-wel . and do-bet þer-after and siþe siþen sytthyn seþen sethyn seþ seþþen [nothing] [out] afterward to se . soum-what of do-best hit is a wel lely lely lyf lelly life lele lyf lelle lyf leal lif leel loue trewe lif feir lif [out] quod she . a-mong þe lewyd lewed lewide lewd lowed comoun [out] peple actyf hit is y-hoten hoten hotyn hote [out] . hosbondes hosebondes husbondes housbondes husbondis husbandys vsbondis husbondryȝe lewide men [out] hit vsen Trewe tilieres tilieris tiliers telieris telieres teliers [out] on erþe . talioures talyours talliouris taillours taylourys as taliouurs or tailours [out] and souteris and alle kynde kyne kyn kynne kynnes kynnys kenne kennes skynnys [out] crafty men . þat konne her here with here [out] craft foode [out] wynne with ony any eny alle here [nothing] [out] trewe trauayle . telye tilie Tylien tylyin toille þat telyn to leuyn [out] for here fode dykyn Diken Dichen Dychin Dychoun [out] or deluen . do-wel hit hatte To breke beggeres bred . to an & [out] baskyn bakken bakkyn bakke bak bachem happin coueryn [variant half-line] [out] hem with cloþes comforte Comforth Counforte Counfortyn Confort Confortid [out] þe carful . þat in þe þe [out] castel ben fetrid fetred fettred fetterid feteryd fetered feteryd Ifetrid federid [out] and sekyn seken seke sechen seche [out] out þe seke . and sende hem þat hem nedeþ nediþ nedit neden [out] obedient as breþren . and sostren sustren sustern susteryn sistres [variant line] [out] to oþere Þis Þese þies Thes Þus [out] beþ þo þat ben tho that ben þoo þat be þo þat ben ben þat is þat byt bad bed þe bad þe be[þ] [out] dobet . so bereþ witnesse þe sauter . 38. Ecce quam bonum ⁊& quam iocundum habitare fratres in vnum . Syk Sike Sykyn Seke Loke þou be [out] with þe sory . syng with þe glade Gaudere cum gaudentibus . flere Et flere [out] cum flentibus . God wot Dredles Sekyrly [out] þis is dobet .Ra.11.195: Kane's [dobest wot þe soþe] (found in A Wa Ma H) and the line-break following are absent from RaUJTDChH2. sire dobest haþ benefyces benefycys bienefices benefice ben in office be in office [out] and so so & [nothing] [out] is is he he is [nothing] [out] best worþi .Ra.11.196: The line breaks here in many manuscripts. by þat god in [nothing] in þe [out] gospel graunteþ hit graunteþ grauntiþ & techiþ grauntit & techit grantitȝ and techitȝ boþin grauntit & techit [out] qui facit ⁊& docuerit . magnus vocabitur in regno celorum . For þis For þus Forþi Þerfore [out] do-best is is dobest [out] . a [nothing] [out] bisshopes pere prince ouer godes peple . to preche prechen prechyn [out] and or oþer othir [out] to teche techyn chaste chasten chastyn chastien [out] Dobet doþ ful wel . and dowel dewid dewyd dewed dued dowed endued doutid [out] he is al-so and haþ possessiones ⁊& pluralites . for pore mennys sake for mendinant mendynauntȝ mendynauntes mendinantis mendynans mendicans mendevauntis amendement [out] at myschef meschief messchef myschief myschyff mischefs [out] . þo þes þe þat [out] men were y-dewed Idewyd I dued Idowed dewid dued dueed dowed Induyd dubbid sumtyme [out] and þat is riȝtful religioun . none renneres abowte Ne none no [out] leperis ouer lond . ladijs ladies [out] to shriue gregori þe grete clerk . a goud pope in his tyme of religioun þe rewle rewele reule rule rewþe [out] . he reherseþ rehersyth rehersit reherside rehersyd rehersed [out] in his morales moralis morals morale moral [out] and seyþ seide said seit saiþ sent [out] him [nothing] it [out] in example ensaumple [out] . þat men þai þei [out] shulde do þe betere when Qwan Whanne [out] fisshes faylen faylyn faile fayleþ faylith [out] þe flod . oþ or other eyther of & [out] oþ[er] þe fressche water þei deyen deyin deye deyn diȝe dyen deyȝe [out] for þe drouthe douȝte droughte drowte [out] . when qwan whanne [out] þei drye longe long lengen leggen liggen lyggyn lyggith [out] Ryȝth Riȝt Ryth Rit Ryeth [out] so by religioun . hit roxlet roxleþ roileþ roylith roilit reylith rolleþ relexith [out] and steruyþ þat out of couent in & an & of or [out] cloystre . coueyteþ coueytiþ coueiten coueitin coueyte [out] to libbe libben lyve leuyn leue [out] But Ac And [nothing] [out] now is religioun a ridere . and a rennere by stretes be stretis be strete aboute [out] a ledere of louedays louedaies lufdayes ladies ladyis ladys [out] . and a lond byere lond biggere londe byggar lond bugghere lond beggere biggere of londis lowde begger [out] Popreþ Popereþ Poperiþ Poperit He popreth Prykyth Rydyth Ridit [out] on a palfray . fro from for to [out] towne to & to [out] towne a bedew bedowe bidowe bidewe bidev [out] or a baselard . he beryþ by his syde godes flesch and his fet . and his fyf fyue [out] woundes arn more in his mynde . þan þan þe [out] memorie of of his [out] foundour foundere foundours founders founderys frendis [out] This is þe lyf of þes þese þis þo þe [out] lordes . þat shulde lyue xuld leuyn lyuen shulde lyuyn schuld leuen schuld leuyn schulde leue schulde leuyn & schuld [out] with dobet and wel-a-wey werse . and I wolde wold would wele shulde [out] al telle I wende wende þat wend þat went þat [out] kinges kyngis kinghed kynghode kynghod [nothing] [out] and kniȝtes & knythis & kniȝthed & kniȝthode & kniȝthod & knygthode & knythod & knyttehod knythod [out] . and keyseris keysers caiseris cayser [out] with erlys were Wern weren Weryn wer [out] do-wel and do-bet . and do-best ouer of [out] hem alle for I haue sey hit seiȝe it seyn it seen it sen it it sen [out] my-self . and swithe siþþen sithen siþin siþ sytthy seþþen sethen sethin suþþe [out] y-rad red it redd it Redde hit raddit [out] after ##The two blots above the beginning of the top line are offset from the page number (39) on the opposite page. how crist counseyleþ counceilleþ counseilliþ counseileth conseilyth counseylyd conseylede counseilde consailled conseileth kennyd [out] þe comoun . ⁊̃& kenneþ kennes kennede telliþ tellith tauth [out] hem þis talis þese lawes þis tale [out] Super cathedram moylimoy[s]iWhile 'l' and long 's' can in some scribes' work be difficult to distinguish, in Tilot's (as here) it is clear what was written; the obvious misspelling may, however, suggest an uncertainty about the form of the middle letter in his exemplar. sederunt principes . qui dicunt facite [nothing] &c qui dicunt facite &c qui dicunt & faciunt & scribe & pharisei qui dicunt facite &c [blank line] [out] . for-þer Forþi For þerfor [out] þ[i] I wende þat þo weyes þo wyes þo weyys þo weyhes þo ways þis wyes þese wythys þo þoughtes [out] . were wern weren weryn [out] dobest of alle I wolde nile nyl nel wil wol wele [out] not skorne scorne scorn schorne skorne þe [nothing] [out] quod scripture . but skreueynis scryueyns schreueneris skriueners scriuers screuoys variant half-line [out] lye liȝe lyȝen lien leiȝe variant half-line [out] kinghod and kniȝthhod knythod kniȝthod [out] . for ouȝth ouȝt oute auȝt nouȝt nouth not not þat [out] I can a-spie helpeþ Helpiþ Helpit [out] not nouȝt nouth [out] to heuene-ward heuynward hefne ward heuene [out] . at one ȝeres ende Ne richesse ne rente rentis [out] . ne rialte ryalte rialtie realte royalte [out] of lordes powel Powle Poule Poul Paul For poul [out] proueþ prouyth prouit proueþ it prouyþ it prouyth it provith it preueþ it prouiþ it is prouyþ it is [out] in-possible inpossyble vnpossible on possible impossible [out] . þe riche þe Riche to comen riche men ryche men ryche men to come riche man þat riche men [out] in heuene ac pore men and in [out] [i]n paciense . and pacient pacience penaunce [out] to-gederes togideres togederis togidere togydyre togedere togeder togedur [out] haue here Han here Hauen hauyn Haue Han [out] eritage in heuene . and ac but [out] riche men none Contra . quod I be crist . þat can I can I þe i kan þe wil I I dar [out] wiþ-say withseye withseyn withseyȝe wel say wisse wi[þsigg]e [out] and proue proue prouyn preue [out] hit bi þe postel þe pistil þe pistel þe pystele þe pistole þe apostel apostil þe gospel [out] . þat peter is y-nemled Inemelid Inempnyd Inempned nempnid nempned nemnyþ I menyd [out] qui crediderit ⁊& baptizatusRa.11.235: Here and in the following line's sarzynes, the scribe's <ȝ> must be transcribed as <z>. fuerit . saluus erit . Þat is in extremsextrem[i]s quod scripture . among amonges as with [out] sarȝynes sarȝinis sareȝines saraȝenys sarisines sarisenis Sarasynes sarsynes sarseynys sarsyns saranis [out] sarzynesRa.11.236: Here and in the previous line's baptizatus, the scribe's <ȝ> must be transcribed as <z>. ⁊& Iewys mow ben y-saued ben sauyd bien sauyd ben sauy be sauid be sauyd be saued be saf [out] so . and þat so [out] is oure by-leue þat þat arn That arn þat buþ þat an [out] on-cristene oncristen oon cristen vncristene iche cristene [out] in in þat [out] cas . may cristene and an on a at [out] an hethene and for his leal lele leel trewe gode [out] by-leue . whan he his lyf tynytȝ tyneþ tynyth tynnit tenyth endeth [out] Haue eritage in heuene . as an her an hey an heiȝ anheiȝe an hie ony a man þat is he þat is [out] he[y] cristene ac cristene men godRa.11.241: Kane 1988 emends god to crist, for reasons of alliteration, following J. wot . com comiþ comeþ come comyn ne come [out] not so to heuene for cristene haue hauyn han [out] a degre . and is oure þe here her he on [out] comoun speche Diliges Diligite Dilige [out] dominum deum tuum dominum deum tuum &c dominum deum tuum ex toto corde tuo deum &c deuum &c deum dominum [out] . ⁊& proximum tuum sicut teipsum . Godes word witnesseþ wittnesseþ witnessiþ witnessit wittnessith [out] . þat [nothing] [out] we shul shul ȝeue & shul ȝeue and shul ȝyue and xul ȝeuyn & shuln ȝiue & schullyn ȝeuyn & schal ȝeve & schal þeue &c schuld ȝeue & schuldyn ȝeuen & shold ȝeve and [out] dele oure enmyes enmys enemys enymyes euene crstene [out] Ra.11.244: Note the line division: despite evidence of RaTUDChH2, Kane puts Oure enemys at the beginning of next line. and alle men þat arn nedy . as & [nothing] [out] pore men [out] and suche siche seyth syke [nothing] [out] Ra.11.245: Kane places & suche at the beginning of the next line, despite the evidence of RaUJTDChH2K, from which much of his line 245 is also absent. Dum tempus habemus est [out] operemur bonum ad omnes . maxime autem ad domesticos fidei . ⁊& cetera [nothing] [out] . Alle kynde kynne kyn kynnes kende [out] creatoures creatouris creatours creatures creaturis creaturs [out] . þat to crist ben lyche bene liche ben like ben lik ben y lyche beleuiþ beleueþ longen [out] we ben be bene beþ [out] y-holde holde hold holden holdys [out] heyliche heiȝly heiȝely hyelich hylyche holy holliche leely [out] . to herie and honoure and ȝif ȝiuen ȝeuen ȝeuyn ȝeue [out] hem of oure good . as goud as oure-seluen and soueraynliche to suche . þat sueþ suen sewen sewyn sewit schewyn vs swynk [out] oure beleue Þat is ech eche iche euerich [out] cristenman cristen man cristene man cristene creatour cristene creature creaturys cristen creature crystene crature [out] . be kinde to oþer and swithe siþen siþin sytthyn syþþe siþ sethen sethin seþþen sithen [out] hem hym hethen hethyn heyene trauaylyn he[þen] [out] to helpe . in hope to hem hem to hym to hem of [out] a-mende 39. to harme hem . or or to ne no ne to non to [out] teche slen sle sclee slo harme [out] hem . god hyȝth hiȝte higtid hit hett hyt it biddith [out] vs neuere For he seyþ hit him-self . and in [out] his ten hestes Non [nothing] Ne [out] mecaberis . –– ne sle not nouȝt nouth [out] . is þe kinde englys englissh ynglysh [out] For mihi uindictam ⁊& ego retribuam . ⁊& cetera dicit dominus [nothing] [out] . I shal punshe punisshen punysche punschin punchyn ponyschen ponisch ponesch pyne [out] in purgatorie purcatory [out] . or in þe pit put putte pet peyne [out] of helle euery Eche Iche [out] man for his mysdede . but mercy hit make ȝit Ȝet and ȝit [out] am I neuer þe ner . for nouȝt þat [nothing] [out] I haue walked walkid Iwalked hawed [out] to wite what is do-wel . witterly in herte For whom-so howso hoso what so [out] I werche in þis wordle world word werlde [nothing] [out] . wrong amys [nothing] [out] oþer ellys I was marked markid merkyd merked maked mad [out] withoute mercy . and my name entred yentred entrid enterid [out] in þe legande legende [out] of lyf . longe er I ded were ded ware were were boryn [out] and Or [out] ellys on-wryten vnwriten vnwrityn vnwrite vnwretyn vndirwriten vndurwriten writen [out] .Ra.11.265: The punctus is apparently misplaced, more properly belonging after for wiled. for wiled wykkid wykkyd wikkid wikked wyckede wikke wykednes [out] as witnesseþ witnessiþ wytnessyth wittnessith witnessit wittenessit witnessitȝ wytnesse seiþ [out] þe gospel Nemo ascendit ascendet assendit [out] in ad [out] celum . nisi qui de celo descendit ⁊& cetera [nothing] [out] . And I leue on oure lord .Ra.11.267: A new scribal stint begins here. and & & on and on [nothing] [out] no lettrure betere for salamon þe sage . þat sapiens made God ȝif ȝaf gaf gave [out] him hem [out] grace . and richesse to-gederes togederis togideres togidere togedere togeder together [out] for to reule his rewme reume reaum reame realme Reme rem reeme [out] . riȝth rigth ryth riȝt [out] at his wille Dede Ȝet dede dide dyd De[m]de [out] he not wel and wisly . as holy cherche chirche writ [out] techeþ boþe in werk and in word . in wordle world werld [out] in his tyme aristotle and he . who wrouȝthe wrouȝte wrouȝt wroughten wrowht wroute wroutyn wrote wretyn dedyn [out] betere and al holy cherche chirche [out] . holdeþ holdiþ holdit holden holdyn hold helt [out] hem in helle And was þer neuere in þis word world werlde wordle [nothing] [out] . two twoo to ij no [out] wisere of werkes of Fo [out] alle counyng clerkes . syn siþþe syþ sytthyn sithe sithen syþin seþe sethin [out] crist ȝede on erþe taken ensaumple ensaumplis ensamples exaumple exsanple [out] of here sawes . ⁊̃& in [out] sermownis sarmonis sermonys sermones sermons [out] þat þei makyn maken make maden made [out] and by here werk werkis workes [out] and here wordes . wissen vs to do wel And ȝif I shal wirke wyrkyn wirch werke werken werche work worche wurche [out] by here werk werkis werkes workes wordes [nothing] [out] . to wynne me heuene and I And And thay [out] for here werkes and here her for here [nothing] [out] wit . wende to payne peyne pyne helle [out] þan wrouȝthe wrougthe wrouȝte wrouth wroutt wrowht wroght [out] I vn-wittily vnwisly [out] . with al þe wit þat I lere On A [out] gode fryday I fynde . a feloun was y-saued sauid saued [out] and Þat [out] hadde y-lyued Ilyvyd lyued lyuede lyuyd leued leuede leuyd [out] al his lyf . with lesynges and þefthe þefte thefte þeft þeftis þeftes theeftis [out] and for he kneled to knelyd to kneuȝ on knew on knewe it on beknew on beknewe on [out] þe cros crois [out] . and to crist shrof schroff shroue shref schsof [out] him . Sonner Sonnere Soner Sonere sunere [out] hadde he sauacyoun sauacioun saluacioun saluacyoun sauid sauyd [out] . þan seynt Ion þe baptyst or adam or ysaie . or ony any eny [out] of þe prophetes That hadden hadde [out] y-leye leyn lay lien [out] with lucifer . manye longe ȝeres a robbere hadde remissioun . raþer þan þei alle with Wiþoute with outen withoutyn Witoutyn [out] penans of purgatorie purcatorie [out] . to haue paradys paradis paradise paradice [out] for euere þan marie of þe [nothing] [out] mawdelein . who myȝthe miȝte migth myth [out] don do doun [out] worse wers wors [out] Or dude worse Or dide wurse Or who dede wers Or who dede werse Or who dyde worse Or who dyde wors Or who dede worse Or who ded wors Or ho dede wers Or ho ded wers Or she dede wors And also [out] þan þanne than or [out] dauid . þat vrie destroyed destruyed destroyede destruȝyd distroyed dystroyid distroide dystroed [out] or poul þe postel postil apostil [out] . þat no pite hadde ne hadde [out] cristene kinde . to kylle to dethe and arn non none þer non þer none now [out] for soþe . so fer souereynes so souereyn more souereyn souereynliych so souereyne liche so souerainlych so souereynglich so sikiely [out] in heuene .Ra.11.294: There are major differences in the revised line in Kane 1988: And [so souereyne forsoþe arn none] in heuene. As þese þise þies þes [out] þat wrouȝthe wrouȝte wrouȝt wroght wrouȝten wrougthin wroute wroutyn weryn [out] wickedly wickydly wikkedly wikkydly wyckidly wykkidly wykkydly wykedlich so wikkedly wykkyd [out] . in world whan þei were and ȝit ȝet [out] am am I haue I arn þai any I I [out] Ra.11.296: Kane queries (? ani D), and the reading is any in TH2. I . for-ȝote forgete forget forgat forged forgyd forked aferd [out] for soþe ferther farther forþere for [nothing] [ferþer] [out] . of vyue fyue þe v [out] wittes teching . þat clergie of cristes moutȝ mouȝt mouþ [out] . comindeþ comendite comendyd comended comaundid commaunded comonded [out] what is was hit was it was hit [out] neuere for he seyde hit him-self . to some of his desiples disciplis dissiplis disciples dyscyplys [out] Dum steteritis steteris [out] ante ante reges & ante reges [out] presides . nolite cogitare . ⁊& cetera quid loquamini [nothing] [out] . That And Þis It [nothing] [out] is as moche to mene . to men þat ben lewyd whan qwan what Wheþer Wh[anne] [out] ȝe ben a-posed aposid aposyd apposid apposed posid [out] of princes . and or of othir of or of [out] prestes of þe lawe for to ansuere hem . haue ȝe no dowte for I shal graunte ȝou grace . of god þat ȝe seruen The help of þe holy gost . to ansuere hem alle at wille [out] the douttyest doutiest douȝtiest douȝctyest douthyest douthiyste [out] doctour . deuinour dempnour or dyuynour or diuinour or deuynour or dyvynour or deuinour dyuynoure or & deuynour [out] Ra.11.305: Kane queries whether Ra's reading is demnour (presumably influenced by the reading dempnour in U, Ra's closest sibling). of þe trinite þat was Þat was As [out] austyn þe olde . and hyest hyeste heyest heist hiȝeste heyirst [out] of þe foure sayde Said Seide He seyde And seide [out] þus þis [out] for a sermoun sarmoun [out] . so me god helpe . Nota Ecce ipsi idioti ydioti ydiote ideoti indocti [out] rapient rapuerunt rapiunt [out] celum . vbi nos sapientes in Ra.11.308: There is a line break here in the manuscript, but there is no indication that the scribe considered what follows anything but a continuation of the previous line. This is different from the case at lines 8.94-95, 11.148-49 or 11.246-47 above, where capitalization and/or punctuation clearly marks a new line. infernum dimergimur demergemur mergemur mergimur merguntur margimur merg.... [nothing] [out] . ⁊& cetera [nothing] [out] And is to mene in our mowtȝ mouþ mouth mowth mouþe mowthe mouȝthe mouthis [nothing] [out] . more ne lesse arn non raþer raueshid rauesched rauyschid rauyssched yrauisshid IRauesched [out] . fro þe ryȝtthe riȝte rigthe rith [out] be-leue þan are arn buþ [nothing] [out] þes þise þies þese [nothing] [out] grete kete [out] clerkes . þat konne many bokes ne none sounereRa.11.312: Or possibly sonnere: cf. 11.285, above. saued sauyd ysauid Isaued [out] . ne sadder of conciens Than pore peple as plowmen . and pastourres of bestes souteres and souestreres seweris sewerys seweres Sewers soweris soweres sowers [out] . and [nothing] & [out] suche lewed Iuttes Iuttis iottes Iottes iottis Iottis Iottys peple [out]  40. Perchen Percen Persen Percyn Percien Mon persyn Pasen þey departyn [nothing] [out] with a pater noster . þe paleys of heuene with-oute penauns at here partyng . in-to þe [nothing] [out] hye blysse hie blisse hye blisse amen heiȝe blisse heye blisse heye blysse blisse blisse of heuyn Amen [out] . Passus tercius de do-wel . c Crist wot quod clergie . knowe hit ȝif þe lyke likeþ [out] I haue do don [out] my deuer . þe dowel to teche  and An [out] who ho [out] -so coueyteþ couetyth coueite [out] don to don bene [out] betere . þan þe boke telleþ tellyth [out] he passeþ passyth pasith [out] þe apostolis þe apostillis apostlis [out] lyf lyue [out] . and put him put hem peryth [out] to in to [out] aungelys angelis [out] . But I se now as [nothing] [out] I seye . as me soþ thinkytȝ soth thinkyth soþ þynkeþ [out] þe were lef leue for [out] [out] to lerne . but loþ loth [out] [out] for to stodie stodye [out] [out]  þou woldest woldist woldyst [out] konne kunne conyn [out] þat I can . and carpen carpyn [out] hit after presumptuowsly Presumptuously Presumtuusly [out] . parauenture . a-pose aposyn [out] so manye That myȝthe it myȝte myht [out] turne turnun [out] men me [out] to tene . ⁊̃& theologie boþe bothin [out] ȝif I wiste wist [out] witterly . þou woldest woldist wyldyst [out] don doun [out] þer-after al þat þou askest axist [out] . a-soylen asoylyn [out] I wolde skornfully Scornfullych Scornfulliche [out] þe scripture þo scripture scripture þo [out] . sherte set schet [out] Ra.12.12: set in U (the reading adopted by Knott-Fowler); schet in J; she[t] in Kane and Schmidt. Tilot may be confusing or conflating a number of verbs: sheren, sterten, and sheten. The most likely, perhaps, would be the second, sterten, whose meaning includes the idea of quickly or abruptly raising, or rising, something up. vp his here her [out] browes and on clergie crieþ cryede criyd [out] . on cristes cristys godis [out] holy name halue (after subpuncted "name" [out] That he shewe me hit Þat he schewiȝt þat it schewe me [out] ne sholde nout schold [out] . but ȝif if it [nothing] [out] stryf I schriuen [out] were of þe kynde [nothing] [out] cardinal wit [nothing] [out] . and cristned cristenyd [out] in a font founte [out] and seyde seyd seide it [out] so loude lowyd [out] . þat shame me thouȝthe thowte it þoute [out] Þat hit were boþe [nothing] [out] skaþe scathe [out] . and sklaundre slaundre sclaunder [out] to to al [out] holy cherche sitthe Sethin Scihoþ [out] theologie þe trewe þat trewe is þat true is [out] . to tellen to tellyn tellen [out] hit defendeþ it deffendeþ it defendyth [out] dauid godes derling goddys derlyng [out] . defendyþ hit deffendeþ it defendith it [out] al-so . Vidi preuaricationes preuaricantes [out] Ra.12.20: At this point U stops. ⁊& tabescebam . I saw sayhe [out] synful he seyde . þer-fore I seyde no- þing thing [out] til þo wrecches ben in wil willw [out] . here her [out] synne to lete and poul powle [out] precheþ hit preched it [out] often oftyn [out] . prestes hit prestys it [out] redyn Audiui archane archana uerba [out] que non licet homini loqui . I am not hardy quod he . þat of þat [out] I herde herd [out] with erys telle hit Tellyn it [out] with tounge tonge [out] . to synful wrecches schrewys [out] and god graunted hit grauntyd it [out] neuere neuer [out] . þe gospel hit witnesseþ it witnessith [out] in þe passioun passyoun [out] whan how [out] pilat pylat [out] . a-posed aposyd [out] god al-myȝthi almyht [out] And askThis later copying above the first words of the page is blotted; a corresponding blot is to be seen on opposite page. And asked axed [out] Iesu on hy hye [out] . þat þer [out] herden hit herdyn it [out] an hundred hunderith [out] Quid est ueritas veritas [out] . quod he . verilyche tel vs God gaf ȝaf [out] him non none [out] answere . but gan his tounge tung [out] holde riȝt Rit [out] so I rede quod she sche [out] . red rede [out] þou no ferþer ferthere [out] Of þat he wolde wite ȝernyth to wyte [out] . wis wysse [out] him no betere beter [out] for he cam not nouth [out] by be [out] cause . to lerne lernyn [out] to do wel dowele [out]  But as he seyþ als ho seyth [out] such swyche [out] I am . when qwan [out] he with me carpeþ men Iangelyth [out] and when qwan [out] scripture þe skolde scolde [out] . hadde had [out] þis wtyt scole [out] Ra.12.36: skele is the reading provided by Kane and Schmidt. y-sheued schewyd [out] Clergie Clergy [out] in-to a [nothing] [out] caban . crepte a-non crepe anone [out] after and drow drowe [out] þe dore after to [out] him . and bad me go do wel dowele [out] Or wycke wykly [out] ȝif I wolde . wheþer qwethir þat [out] me lyked lykyd [out] þan held I vp myn handes hondes [out] . to scripture þe wise wyse [out] to be hure bene her [out] man ȝif I most . for euere-more after With þat she sche [out] wolde me wisse wissyn [out] . wher qwere [out] þe toun toune [out] were Kynde with þat kynd wytte [out] hure confessour þe confessoure [out] . hure cosyn her kynnysman [out] was Inne þat lady þan low lowhe on me [out] . and lauȝthe lawht [out] me in here armes her armys [out] and sayde seyd [out] my cosyn . kynde wit knowen knowyn [out] is wel wide ful wyde [out] and his loggyng is is lyggyng [out] with lyf lyfe [out] . þat lord lorde [out] is of erþe erthe [out] And ȝif þou desyre . with him for to a-byde dwelle [out] I shal schal [out] þe wisse wyssyn wynlyche [out] . where qwere [out] þat he dwelleþ dwellyth [out] And þanne þan [out] I kneled knelyd [out] on my knes . and kyste kyssyd [out] her wel here fete [out] sone and þanked hure a þousand syþes A thowsyng tymes I thankyd hire [out] . with þrobbant herte throbbyng hert [out] She called me Sche callyd [out] a clerioun clergyn þan [out] þatRa.12.51: This long line is broken by J after hite, by Knott-Fowler after clerjoun, by Kane after þat, and by Schmidt after þan þat hyȝte (having added þan from J). hyȝt hite [out] . omnia probate . a pore þing thing [out] with-alle . þou shalt wende schalt wendyn [out] with wil willw [out] quod she sche [out] . whiles qwyl [out] þat him lykyþ lykyth [out] Til Tyl [out] ȝe come to þe burgher bowhe [out] . quod bonum est tenete . ken kenne [out] him to my cosenes hous cosynys howce [out] . þat kinde kynde [out] wit hyȝth hite [out] Sey I sente sent [out] him þis segge . and þat he shewe hym schew him [out] dowel dowele [out] þus we lauȝþe oure leue . lowtyng at onys [nothing] [out] and wente forþ I went forth [out] on my way in my wey [out] . with . omnia probate . and ere Er [out] I cam kam [out] to þe court cuntreyys [out] . quod bonum est tenete . Many ferlys ferlyys [out] me by-fel befel [out] . in a fewe ȝeris þe ferste ferlyThis is the second time red underlining is used to mark catchwords--cf. fol. 24v--and is the only instance in the manuscript where such underlining marks clearly English words. 41 A blot is offset from the later writing in the upper left margin of the opposite page. The fyrste þe ferste þe fyrst [out] ferly I fond fonde [out] . a-fyngrid an hunger it [out] me made as I ȝede And I þan [out] thurgh thorow [out] ȝou . þe ȝowthe [out] ȝouþe .Ra.12.61: As noted by Knott-Fowler, a punctus, and spaces, clearly divide ȝouþe into two parts; the odd punctuation and word-division are not noted by Kane or Schmidt. a-ȝen aȝeyn [out] prime dayes I stode stille stil [out] in a stodie stody [out] . and stared a- bowte boute [out] al hayl heyle [out] quod on þo þoo [out] and I answered I seyd [out] welcome welcom [out] ⁊& with whom hom [out] be ȝe ȝowe [out] I am dwellyng with deth . and hunger I hatte hyte [out] to lyf in & [out] his lordshepe lordschep [out] . longyt longyth [out] my weyeRa.12.65: Following this line, the modern editors insert a line (Kane's 12.65) from J: [To kyllyn him ȝif I can, þei kynde wit helpe]. I shal felle schal fellyn [out] þat freke freyke [out] . in a fewe dayes I wolde folwe wold folwyn [out] þe fayn fayne quod I [out] . but fentesye fayntys [out] me hendeþ hentith [out] me folweþ folwyth [out] such a fentyse fayntyse [out] . I may no ferþer not forth [out] walke go we forþ quod þe gom gome [out] . I haue a gret grete [out] boyste at my bak Of battys & [out] of broke & brokyn [out] bred . þi bely for to fylle to fille [out] A bagge ful of a beggere beggar [out] . I bouȝþe bowht [out] hit at onys Than maunged þan maungyd [out] I wit with him [out] . vp at to [out] þe fulle for þe [nothing] [out] myssyng of mete . no mesour none mesur [out] I coude cowthe [out] Ra.12.73: Following this line, the modern editors insert three lines (Kane's 12.74-76) from J. with þat cam kam [out] a knaue . with a confessoures confessouris [out] faceRa.12.74: The modern editors add a line (Kane's 12.78) following this, from J: [Lene & rewlyche, with leggys ful smale he halsed me I haylsyd hym hendely [out] . and I asked & axid [out] him after Of when qwennys [out] þat he were . and wheder qwedyr [out] þat he wolde with deþ I duelle deth I dwelle [out] quod he . dayes and nyȝtes dayys & nyhetys [out] Mi My [out] name is feuere feuer [out] on þe ferþe ferthe [out] day . I am a-þrest athrist [out] euere I am masager mensenger [out] of deþ deth [out] . men haue I tweyne twayne [out] þat on is called callyd [out] cotidian . a rcourrour currur [out] Ra.12.80: The <c> is written over what appears to be the initial stroke of a long-<r>. of oure hous howce [out] tercian Tertyen [out] þat oþer othyr [out] . trewe drinkeres boþe true drinkers bothen [out] We han haue [out] letteres of letterys of his [out] lyf . he shal schal [out] his lyf tyme tyne [out] tyne fro deþ deth [out] þat is oure duk duke [out] . swyche dedis dedys [out] we brynge bryng [out] myȝth Myht [out] I so se quod he [out] god wot wote [out] . ȝoure gates gatys [out] wolde wold [out] I holden holdyn [out] Ra.12.84: At this point J ends. Nay wil quod þat wyȝth . wend þou no ferther But lyue as þis lyf . is ordeyned for the þeRa.12.87: Þ[ou] in Kane and Schmidt. tomblest wiþ a trepget . ȝif þou my tras folwe and mannes merþe wrouȝþRa.12.88: w[or]þ in Kane and Schmidt. no mor . þan he deseruyþ here Whil his lyf and his lykhame . lesten to-gedere and þer-fore do after do-wel . whil þi dayes duren This, the last page of the manuscript, is much worn and stained. As a result the ink appears quite faded in places, making some words very difficult to read. ...?...?...A number of faded letters or words, presently unreadable (but perhaps including another Rychard), run across the top margin of the page. þat þi play be plentevous . in paradys with aungelys  Þou shalt be lauȝth into lyȝth . with loking of an eye so þat þou werke þe word . þat holy wryt techeþ . And be prest to preyeres . and profitable werkes wille þurgh in-wit . þou wostRa.12.95: Kane emends þou wost to wiste; Schmidt, to þo wiste. wel þe soþe þat þis speche was spedelich . and sped him wel faste and wrouȝthe þat here is wryten . and oþer werkes boþe Of peres þe plowman . and mechel puple al-so and whan þis werk was wrouȝt . ere wille myȝte a-spie deþ delt him a dent . and drof him to þe erþe and is closed vnder clourRa.12.101: the end of the word is more easily read as <ur> than as <m>, the universal reading of previous editors.Ra.12.101: while clom here would be, according to the MED–s.v. clom n(2) (b)–a unique usage, there are a number of late-Middle English appearances of clour in various spellings in the MED. The OED s.v., clowre reports a similar usage ca. 1350. In addition, variant spellings of clover and h[e]art-clover in both dictionaries include a number of early instances not far removed in form from that seen here. Since the etymololgies of clour and clowre are, to put it mildly, uncertain, we might even speculate that they both may, in fact, be variants of the more common clover, going back to OE clafre. See Vaughan, YLS 26 (2016): 131-36 . crist haue his soule And so bad Iohan but . busily wel ofte when he saw þes sawes . busyly a-legged by Iames and by Ierom . by Iop and by oþere and for he medleþ of makyng . he made þis ende Now alle kenne creatures . þat cristene were euere god for his goudnesse . gif hem swyche happes  to lyue as þat lord lykyþ þat lyf in hem putte furst to rekne Richard . kyng of þis rewme . And alle lordes þat louyn him . lely in herte god saue hem sound . by se and by land Marie moder and may . for man þou by-seke þat barn bryng vs to blys . þat bled vp-on þe rode . amen . Explicit do-wel . The script here is textura and is in a larger format, with the initial <E> the largest, most ornate in the manuscript. Nomen scriptoris . tilot plenus amoris .The script here is in a marginally larger format than elsewhere in the rubricated Latin of the MS, but not as large (nor in a distinct script) as the preceding line. jiii Ther is grau An my wThe last words here are very faded, and virtually indecipherable: ?An my w. There also appear to be some pen trials and other (unreadable) marks elsewhere in this lower portion of the page.